The Universal Health Care System - 1712 Words

Every country vision is to have a universal health care system. A system that is not necessary â€Å"free† but a system where everyone has equal opportunity to get the best health care being offered without any partiality. Canada successfully implemented the universal health care to its citizens, but it is not perfect in any sense. Individuals’ citizens are provided with preventive care and medical treatment from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals. There are still many services that are not covered or partially covered (Canadian Health Care, 2014-2017). Prescription medication, physiotherapy, ambulance services, prescription eyeglasses as well as dental care are some of the services that are not covered under the health care system (Canada’s universal health-care system, 2015)). Some Provinces may provide partial coverage for mental health patients, children living in poverty as well as old people. With the implementation of the Affordable Car e Act in 2012, we can now say that the U.S. is on the road to hopefully having a universal health care system or a system that covered most residents. The Affordable care act can be considered to be the most significant overhaul of the health care industry in decades since the defeat of the Clinton Health Security Act of 1993(Sultz and Young, 2013). According to Sultz and Young, the ACA highlights 4 major goals. These are providing new consumer protections, improving quality and lowering costs, increasing access toShow MoreRelatedA Universal Health Care System1494 Words   |  6 PagesA universal health care system All Americans should have access to healthcare despite their ability to pay. Americans should have access to healthcare because no American should go in debt in order to be seen by a Doctor. Any American that doesn’t have health insurance because they cannot afford private health insurance should have an option for a government ran insurance system. After the age of twenty-two I was no longer able to be on my mother’s health insurance and because I was notRead MoreUniversal Health Care System Of Universal Healthcare2156 Words   |  9 Pagespracticing a system of universal health care have access to the health services they require, which, consequently, leads to overall healthier populations. Such health services include, amongst other things, prevention promotion, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care.(who.org) These services are provided without the risk of monetary adversity or destitution for those who use them. Ease of access to health facilities and care in turn leads to healthier people. Universal health care systems bringRead MoreUniversal Health Care System Of Massachusetts Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal health care coverage is a dream that the majority of Americans have had for many decades. It seemed that the dream could become a reality with a major effort under the Clinton administratio n in the mid 1990’s. This effort was spearheaded by the First Lady, Hillary Clinton, and would have established a universal health care system for the entire nation. Unfortunately, after years of work, the effort ended in failure due to trying to modernize and finance universal health care at the sameRead MoreAnalysis Of The Universal Health Care System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCanadas publicly-funded universal health care system is a direct representation of Canadas fundamental values of equality (What are Canadian Values?, 2017). However, of all high-income countries that have implemented a universal health care program (Lopert, 2017), Canada is the only country that has yet to include prescription drugs within their universal health coverage plan (Martin, 2017, p. 90). Provinces are now demanding a public insurance plan for prescription medications, but pharmaceuticalRead MoreThe Importance Of A Universal Health Care System2128 Words   |  9 Pagesimportance of a univer sal health care system, the United States are lacking in accommodating their citizens with services that many counties see as a public good or even a human right. For years, American’s have been under pressure to search for health care insurance without the guarantee of coverage (SOURCE MICHEAL MOORE). Health care seems to be on on going topic in American politics and it has its reasons (SOURCE SPRINGER LINK). As of recently, many Americans did not have access to health care withoutRead MoreUniversal Health Care Is A Government Run System1577 Words   |  7 PagesUniversal health care, also known as universal health coverage, is a specific type of health care where everyone is provided coverage regardless of his or her income, race, age, pre-existing conditions, gender, or wealth. In other words, as long as one is a legal resident of the region that is being covered, he or she is eligible for universal health care. The purpose of universal health care is to provide all citizens with an opportunity to obtain the health care that they may need without havingRead MoreBill Clinton Proposed A Program Of A System Of Universal Health Care Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesto be added to the Constitution, it would declare that everyone has a right to have access to healthcare and not be denied due to income or any health condition that they may have previously been diagnosed with. â€Å"In 1993, President Bill Clinton proposed a program of sweeping health-care reforms and suggested the creation of a system of universal health-care coverage for all people living in the United States of America† (William J. Clinton). This proposal was never approved and still today many peopleRead MoreUnited States Government Should Implement A Single Payer Universal Health Care System1635 Words   |  7 Pages for the flourishing of health among its citizens, is inherently flawed. A country like the U.S is no exc eption to this assertion. The United States government should implement a single payer universal health care system. The Modern U.S health care is allowing its citizens to rack up vast amounts of medical debt, in addition, large amounts of its population to remain uninsured. The U.S lags behind an idea, which, many other countries have accepted and that is health care is a human right. A plethoraRead MoreUniversal Health Care : Universal Healthcare1615 Words   |  7 Pages Universal Healthcare in the USA The campaign for some form of universal health care has spanned practically a century in the USA and has been the subject of political debate since the early part of the 20th century. Recent reforms remain an active and urgent political issue. Universal Health Care has been one of the leading public issues in America and in recent times this issue has risen to theRead MoreUniversal Health Care : Universal Healthcare1740 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Universal health care, sometimes referred to as universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care, usually refers to a health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country. It is organized around providing a specified package of benefits to all members of a society with the end goal of providing financial risk protection, improved access to health services, and improved health outcomes. Universal health care is not a

Learning Free Essays

Many psychologists have had debates with the concept of learning. Nature versus nurture is two concepts that many psychologists have argued over. Learning is a cause of someone’s change in behavior through experience, practice, and skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, the subjects to describe is, the concept of learning, distinguishing between learning and performance, and finally compare and contrasting the conceptual approaches to the study of learning. Concept of Learning Learning has many definitions. Learning is the process of knowledge through education, observation, teaching, and past and present experiences for individuals (humans or animals). According to Terry (2009), â€Å"learning is the acquisition of knowledge and may be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior, or behavioral repertoire that occurs as a result of experience† (p. 5). According to Maricopa Center for Learning and Instruction (1999), â€Å"Learning is complex, transformational, natural, and life-long, multi-level, fundamentally personal, yet also social, active and interactive, measurable, and greatly influenced by organizational factors, including structures† (p. 3). As mentioned before, nature versus nurture has been a big debate. The nature theory is that humans’ behavior is biologically encoded in human DNA. Psychologists believe that humans are preprogrammed from birth. The nurture theory believes that human behavior learned thru life experiences. Humans learn behavior from what they do, read, and observe. I believe that both influence humans’ behavior. Humans learn behavior from life experiences, and through educating themselves. Learning is an ongoing process that humans endure. Learning is based on different knowledge that humans have acquired over the years. Learning happens when a person develops new abilities, values, preferences, and skills. There are two important aspects of behavioral learning theory that been used. They are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs between environmental stimuli and is a natural stimulus. Operant conditioning is an association between a behavior and a consequence. Distinguishing Between Learning and Performance Learning usually increases with days of practice. With practice, he or she needs a reinforcement (positive or negative) to remember the training or practice. Sometimes if a reward is too much, or not enough, it can affect the learning. When someone is learning something new, the reinforcement should be during or right after the practice or training. A delay in reward can affect the learning process. At the beginning of a new training, reinforcement has been learning during and then gradually making the reinforcements further apart. Some influences affect performance but not learning. Motivation affects the way people perform. For example, watching a softball game, the girls are more motivated when they are winning. If someone takes the same test after test after test, he or she can become bored. Being bored can decrease a person’s performance. Compare and Contrast the Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Learning There are four different conceptual approaches to the study of learning. They are functional approach, behavioral approach, cognitive approach, and neuroscience approach. According to Terry (2009), â€Å"The functional approach studies how learning and remembering aid survival† (p. 19). According to Terry, â€Å"The behavioral approach emphasizes the relationship among, first, observable behaviors, second, the antecedent stimuli that precede behavior, and third, the consequences that follow behavior† (p. 20). According to Terry, â€Å"The cognitive approach derives from computer-influenced, information-processing approaches to the mind† (p. 20). According to Terry, â€Å"The neuroscience approach has existed in parallel with both the earlier behavioral and the newer cognitive perspectives† (p. 21). Each approach is very important for psychologist to learn and understand. Each approach has its own unique way at looking at behavior. When comparing functional approach to behavioral approach there are somewhat differences. Functional approach is that an animal or human adapts to their environment. In functional approach psychologist can study learning across different species around the world. In behavioral approach psychologist, observe humans or animals in a situation that has stimuli to change behavior. When comparing cognitive approach to neuroscience approach there are some items that are similar. Cognitive approach is looking at how humans processes information, knowledge, encode, store, and retrieve what humans have learned. In neuroscience approach psychologist, study the brain to see how humans retrieve information in the brain. Each approach looks at behavior and leaning differently but is measuring the same thing. Conclusion Humans or animals never stop learning. Psychologists observe human behavior, so that psychologist can understand how humans and animals interact with one another. Learning will always be looked at differently from different psychologist. There will never be a true answer to how or why humans learn. How to cite Learning, Essay examples Learning Free Essays Dear Mrs.. Bailey, I’m looking forward to acquiring new skills and strategies to apply, not only in my pursuit of higher education, but in every aspect of my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve always been an avid learner, ready to soak up information and knowledge every chance I get. Learning new things has been a major interest of mine for as long as I can remember, which is saying allot, because I actually have a few memories from when was a toddler. Throughout my early years in school, I was a straight A student who picked up on everything right away. My love of acquiring and sharing knowledge continues to grow as time passes. Though am quite aware that I am mentally capable of accomplishing any feat of intellectual nature performed by any man before me, I am honest enough to admit that face some formidable adversaries within myself. Being diagnosed with depression adds several obstacles within itself. For starters, waking up isn’t always as easy as it may be for some others. At times, it can take a self- talking, convincing yourself that you have to get up, and in severe cases not even that works. The challenges associated with Major Depression are too numerous to name in this passage. No matter which symptoms arise, I know I must overcome them because depression is a diagnosis I live with, not who I am. Though I am quite adept at learning and applying new knowledge, I know that there is always room for improvement, as no-one knows everything and no-one is perfect. Being a quick study affords me the advantage need to stay relevant in the ever-changing world of business and technology. And, even though I am quite knowledgeable in many areas, I know that the benefits of following the curriculum set forth will further prepare me for the life I want my family and myself by refining and enhancing the knowledge I already possess and adding I wealth of knowledge I have yet to attain. I would like to take this time to thank you in advance for all of your assistance during this journey I am embarking on and hope you have a great day. How to cite Learning, Papers Learning Free Essays What are some of the examples of ways in which observational learning has benefited you in your life? Are there instances in which observational learning has worked to your disadvantage? Observational learning being, learning by observing the behaviors and actions of others. In my life I have learn a lot of things that have made me who I am by watching family and friends. After watching my father’s great work ethic as a child, I learn that whatever Job you have you need to give It your all. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a child with not much money, I watched my father be very tight with his money. By observing this I have noticed I can be very tight with money and not wanting to spend money frivolously. Everything I do and am Is from observing my father and Important adult figures In my life. There are some things I observed growing up that has not worked to my advantage. I observed many family members drink to excess, so as a teenager and young adult I thought It was no big deal to do so. Early In my young adult life, being a part of the military I got myself some trouble. The trouble was because: I was underage and did something stupid. Peg 195 5. As an eyewitness to a crime, how could you use information in this chapter to improve your memory for specific details? If you were a juror, what would you say to the other jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony? As an eyewitness to a crime you try to remember the events in chunks, instead of the event as a whole. You can all us your sense to recall particular events you witnessed or you can also repeat the events over several different times in your head. The repetition of the events has to occur right after the event in order to avoid outside influences to that memory. As a juror I would let other Jurors know that the reliability of eyewitness testimony is unreliable, due to the fact that the eyewitness has already been poisoned by the covered of the events in the media. Most eyewitnesses see events very differently, and any catch part of what is going on with the event. They seem to fill in unknown part of the events on what others say and what they think should have gone on. They re not lying; they truly believe the event went down as they say it went down without any doubts. G 223 1. During Problem solving, do you use primarily algorithms or heuristics? What are the advantages of each? During problem solving I tend to use the heuristics process. Some advantages of algorithms are; a definite answer, step by step logical Instructions, and give you a definite place to start. Some advantages of heuristics are; get to a solution fast, and It’s simple. 6. If Gardener and Sternberg theories of multiple Intelligences are correct, what are he Impl ications for Intelligence testing and for education? With the theories of multiple Intelligences would suggest that the Intelligence testing Is not a true over measure of person Intelligences. These test do not accurately let the student and their parents know what their true knowledge. This affects the way our education systems directs their teaching to our young students. It’s saying that our education systems are not developing ten overall Intelligence AT our young men Ana women. This means we are not getting the full potential of tour students. How to cite Learning, Papers

During the Gilded Age, many industrialists were co Essay Example For Students

During the Gilded Age, many industrialists were co Essay nsidered robber barons. They were in fact, because of the monopolies they created, the large amounts they stole from the American people, and their selfish attitudes. A few of these industrialists were Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. These men established large monopolies and bought out all other little businesses. This made it impossible for competition of any kind. For example, John D. Rockefeller joined with smaller companies through trust agreements and mergers. These mergers were simply Rockefeller buying out all of his competitors without looking like the bad guy. He would also sell his oil for a lower price than others so they would go out of business and he would take over their customers. Many industrialists said that they gave to charities and set up foundations for the poor people in the society and that it was okay for them to have such large monopolies. In my opinion, they were only robbers of the common people. With all of the money these men were making, they should have been helping the American people, but they werent; they were robbing them. With cheap labor and poor conditions, these giants were stealing tons of money from the United States. After lowering their prices to beat out competitors, they would raise them up higher than they originally were, in order to make large profits for themselves. By paying their workers very low wages; these robbers also made more money for themselves. These industrialists stole a lot of money from the American people during the Gilded Age through their many different tactics. Many of these men had very selfish attitudes about their wealth. They believed that if they worked hard all of their life, then they deserved everything they got. They often felt good about what they were doing because they thought that they were stronger and smarter and fit to be in charge of large companies. They used the term Social Darwinism to justify their wealth. Many of them set up foundations and gave tons of money to charities and said that they were good for society. When in fact, they were bad for society and they were very selfish and had bad attitudes for their businesses. As you see, many of the industrialists of the Gilded Age should be called robber barons. They created huge monopolies, robbed the American people, and had selfish attitudes. .

 No Christian should ever have an abortion Essay Example

  No Christian should ever have an abortion Essay This statement is very controversial people can believe it completely or can have doubts. It all depends on which branch of Christianity you are a part of. The Roman Catholic Church is the firmest believer in this statement. They do not consider abortion any different from infanticide when a parent murders their child. They believe that abortion is a very serious crime, and that it should be punished by law. Because of this firm standing against abortion, it is not unusual for a catholic family to have lots of children. They believe that, no matter the circumstances, the pregnancy should be seen through. If you are a Roman Catholic, then you are supposed to believe that abortion should be punished by law. The United States Methodists are a little more lenient on the subject. They also consider abortion a very serious matter, but stop short on saying that it should be punished by law. They simply say that it is a very serious crime. They do not allow abortions, but they do not think it suitable to punish anybody who participates in any part of an abortion. By saying that abortion is a sin, they hope that the person concerned will feel guilty and will not go ahead with the abortion. We will write a custom essay sample on   No Christian should ever have an abortion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on   No Christian should ever have an abortion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on   No Christian should ever have an abortion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Church of England are undecided about this subject. No church could possibly say that abortion is a good thing. The Church of England says that abortion is a sin. However, they do acknowledge the fact that there may be times when an abortion may be the best option (in the event of rape). They agree that abortion is a sin, as it is killing a human being, but they also say that to withdraw compassion is also a sin, so both sides of the argument should be considered. The UK Methodists point of view is very similar to that of the Church of Englands. They realise that the feelings of the mother of the unborn child must be considered. They consider abortion an evil, but say that sometimes it is the lesser of two evils. They also make the valid point of saying that it is best for abortion to remain legal and controlled, rather than it being illegalised again and women resorting to back-street abortions, where the process is a danger to the health of the mother. My personal opinion is that abortion should remain legal. I agree with the statement from the UK Methodists, that it is better for it to remain legal and controlled, rather than being made illegal and therefore unsafe. I dont think that anybody could really agree with abortion. Whichever way you look at it, you are killing an unborn child. However, I think that there are some times when abortion may be necessary. For instance, if a woman is raped and it results in a pregnancy, there is no way that she would want to keep the baby. I think in cases such as these, abortion may be necessary. However, if a woman finds herself pregnant unexpectedly and she has not used contraceptives, then I think that she should be made to see out the pregnancy, as it is her fault that she has fallen pregnant. There are always two sides to every argument. There may be some Roman Catholics who, because of their religion, are made to firmly disagree with abortion, but personally, they do not think that it is as great a sin as the church says it is. They may find themselves in a dilemma, being pulled one way by the church, and another by their own opinions. I do not think that just because you belong to a certain branch of Christianity, that you should have the same beliefs about everything as your church. By all means, listen to what your church has to say on the issue, and listen to other peoples points of view. This will help you to form an opinion of your own, not that of your church or of other people.

Opernball essays

Opernball essays F Geboren am 5.Juli 1955 in ZwettlNiedersterreich. F Studierte Philosophie, Theaterwissenschaft und Germanistik in Wien. F 1976-92 Mitherausgeber der Literaturzeitschrift "Wespennest". F Gemeinsam mit Karl-Markus Gauß Herausgeber der Werke Hugo Sonnenscheins. F 1986-89 Generalsekretr der Grazer Autorenversammlung. F Lehrauftrge an den Universitten Kassel, Innsbruck und Wien. F 1989-90 Writer-in-Residence und Gast-Professor am Oberlin College, Ohio. F 1986-94 gemeinsam mit Kurt Neumann Organisator der "Wiener Vorlesungen zur Literatur". F Literarisch-musikalische Performances. F 1992 Mitbegrnder von "SOS Mitmensch". F Lehrbeauftragter an der Universitt Leipzig. F Lebt in Wien und Leipzig Deutschland. 1980 Dritter Preis des Literaturpreises des Autorenwettbewerbs der Zeitschrift "profil" Staatsstipendium des Bundesministeriums fr Unterricht und Kunst fr Literatur Frderungspreis fr Literatur des Theodor-Krner-Stiftungsfonds zur Frderung 1984 Frderungspreis der Stadt Wien fr Literatur 1986 Anerkennungspreis des Landes Niedersterreich fr Literatur 1988 Dramatikerstipendium des Bundesministeriums fr Unterricht und Kunst 1989 Preis der Salzburger Literaturzeitschrift "erostepost" 1990 Buchprmie des Bundesministeriums fr Unterricht und Kunst 1992-1993 Elias-Canetti-Stipendium der Stadt Wien 1994 Frderungspreis des Landes Niedersterreich fr Literatur Ein ungeheures Verbrechen ist geschehen. Eine kleine Gruppe von Fanatikern hat whrend des Opernballs Gas in die Staatsoper geleitet. Kaum jemand hat berlebt. Unter den Opfern ist auch ein junger Kameramann, Sohn des in Wien lebenden Starjournalisten eines internationalen Nachrichtensenders. Der Vater lßt nun die Geschichte ihrer Beziehung Revue passieren, die Geschichte eines Mannes, der seine Kar...

A Beautiful Mind Essays - Princeton University, A Beautiful Mind

A BEAUTIFUL MIND This is a true story about a man by the name of John Nash Jr. who was discovered to have paranoid schizophrenia in his adult life. The story starts with Nash as a student at Princeton University. In a scene where John arrives at Princeton to commence his studies, one of the patterns through his point-of-view shot was when John connects his vision of effulgent lemons, a punch bow, and the pattern of a fellow student?s tie. In this sequence and others in the film, John uses flashes of light in his pov shots to point out his recognition of significant patterns in the world around him, such as the magazines and newspapers lighting p when he thinks he has discovered a code. In another scene, John visits a top-secret regime center to decipher a code captured from the Soviets. In 1947, John attends Princeton University; his goal at this time is to come up with a great original mathematical theory. In 1953 his goal, he thinks is to help the Amalgamated states find a bomb, supposedly being bult by the Soviet Almagamation. He also ends up getting married in this year as well. John is working at M.I.T. and this is when his schizophrenia is full blown. He thinks he is a spy working for the department of Defense. His goal is to decipher, how to deal with his schizophrenia. He culminates up back at Princeton and convinces his old friend, Martin Henson to give him a job. His goal at this time is to get out in the real world and later on to be a teacher/Professor. He culminates up winning the Nobel Prize for his game theory. John defiantly has lots of obstacles and problems to confront. His first was when he was asked to play that board game with a schoolmate, Martin Henson. I feel he was asked by Martin to prove to the other men that John wasn?t as smart as he made out to be, plus to get back at John because, when he first met Martin he fulminated him. He then endeavored to fit in with some friends by peregrinating to the bars with them. John had to come up with a theory quickly or risk not being appointed a position with an important company. He finally does, and then acceded to work with the Department of Defense as a spy. It was very hard on him to endeavor to keep this regime information a secret from his coworkers and his girlfriend/wife, Alicia. Because of her insistence he goes back to the University and meets his old friend Martin and asks him for a job, so that he can, not only get back in the public, but to commence dealing with his illness. He has an abundance of drawbacks during this time, b ecause he still visually perceives his imaginary people, but perseveres and ends up being able to ignore these people and acquire a teaching job. In 1994, he is told that he is up for the Noble Prize and he meets one of the men from the Noble Prize review board. This man verbally expresses he has come to interview him. While john Nash and the interviewer are chatting, one of the professors come up and lays a pen down in front of him. Soon all the professors in the room were putting pens on the table in front of him. Helinger told John when this transpires it signifies a professor knows he has earned the prestige of his colleagues, that he has been accepted. He does culminate up winning the Noble Prize; John just wanted to be recognized for something important dealing with mathematics and this does become a reality. When he first gets to Princeton, he is in his room by himself and he was looking out his window. He witnessed an abundance of schoolmates with groups of people. John was a loner and had verbally expressed he did not like people and they did not like him. He suddenly turns around and Charles is their claiming to be his roommate. It seems whenever he had too much going his friend Charles suddenly appears. It meant to me that he

Cost of Dying and effects of healthcare delivery system Thesis

Cost of Dying and effects of healthcare delivery system - Thesis Example These can mostly be achieved by designing long-term care facilities or homes to suit their mental and physical requirements. Hospice care is another major facility which caters to the dying during their last few months of life when they are in any terminal or chronic illness and when curative treatment is not feasible. However hospice care has not been accepted by all the people in their dying days. Barriers exist which prevent their opting for this facility. The phenomena of interest in this study lie in the care for the dying and various situations including the budgets allocated in present day circumstances for the terminal patients. The budgets involved in caring for the dying are now booming so much that finances are increasingly being channeled into it. A comparison of the total health expenditures in relationship to GDP shows an immense difference in the increase in the US when considered against other countries (See Appendix B). The intention of hospice care is to provide int ensive care for the dying in their last days. A good team of doctors and nurses, drugs and the latest technology together have made the terminal care expensive. However, in spite of the arrangements, people are opting to spend their last days in nursing homes rather than in hospice care. This paper intends to demonstrate the underutilization of hospice care, why there is resistance to hospice care from physicians and families, and how hospice care can be integrated into the continuity of care. Dr.Cicely Saunders founded the modern hospice concept (Biskupiak, 2005). The study aims to search for the various literature available on the cost of dying and the services of the healthcare system for the dying in the terminal stages. It would be interesting to explore how much of the invested amount is actually availed of during the dying phase. Statistics show that much of this amount is not

Globalization within my Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization within my Community - Essay Example The term â€Å"globalization† is of rather recent vintage (traceable to academic commentators in the 1970s), and has come to convey a variety of political, economic and cultural connotations (Scheuerman, 2006). Contemporary notions of â€Å"globalization† have transcended the purely economic approach of Karl Marx, or the spatial concept of the annihilation of distance by John Dewey. Instead today, it implies the attributes of deterritorialization, which refers to a delinking of activity from its site, of social activities taking place irrespective of geographical location of the participants, or across vast distances between them, such as is made possible by electronic means of communication. Secondly, globalization also implies the growth of social interconnectedness across geographical and political boundaries, which are not haphazard but predictable and regular. This entails the effect of events and activities in distant places that exert a force and impact on local and regional endeavors far removed from the origin of the activity (Tomlinson, 1999 in Scheuerman, 2006), an example of which is the networks of financial institutions and markets that make possible international business activity . Thirdly, globalization also refers to the speed or velocity of social activity, which refers to the time element while deterritorialization and interconnectedness which were concerned with the spatial element. Fourthly, globalization is a long-term process, yielding persistent and relatively permanent effects in the social context. Finally globalization is a multi-pronged process that affect economic, political and cultural arenas of social life, as previously mentioned. Somewhat removed from the metropolitan areas of New York City and downstate New York, my community is commonly referred to as rural, evoking visions of pastoral settings, picturesque small towns and quaint family

Case Study Research Essay Example for Free

Case Study Research Essay Case One: Barsz v. Max Shapiro, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 600 N.E.2d 151 (1992) Fact: Marjorie Barsz brought negligence action against Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria to recover for personal injuries sustained when she slipped and fell, breaking her right ankle and left knee cap. Her husband, Carl Barsz brought action against the restaurant for loss of consortium with his wife due to Mrs. Barsz’s injuries. The Circuit Court of Shelby County granted summary judgment for the restaurant, and the plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District held that genuine issues of material facts existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria negligent in identifying and remedying the condition of the floor in the restaurant, causing Marjorie Barsz’s accident? Rule: GOLBA v. KOHL’S DEPT. STORE, INC. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Analysis: To avoid summary judgment, Marjorie Barsz had to show that there was a defective condition in the floor of the restaurant which caused her slip and fall, and that the restaurant unreasonably failed to discover and remedy the hazardous condition. Genuine material facts existed which precluded summary judgment for the restaurant. Summary judgment is generally inappropriate in negligence cases. Trial Procedure Rule 56(C) Conclusion: A restaurant cannot be held strictly liable for a fall that occurred before having a reasonable chance to remove a foreign substance from its floor; restaurant as not the absolute guarantor of customer safety. However, summary judgment cannot be granted when a genuine material fact exists. Case Two: Golba v. Kohl’s Dept. Store, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Facts: Plaintiff Stella Golba brought negligence action against defendant Kohl’s Department Store stemming from a slip and fall accident. Ms. Golba stepped on a small object on a glossy floor, causing her to trip and fall. The floor had only been swept once on the morning of the accident. The Circuit Court of Starke County granted the store’s motion for summary judgment, and the plaintiff appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, Third District held that material issues of fact existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Kohl’s Department Store negligent in maintaining their floors in a safe condition for patrons? Rule: BURRELL v. MEADS Ind. 569 N.E.2d 637 (1991) Analysis: A land owner is subject to liability for physical harm caused to his invitees by a condition on the land if, but only if, he knows or exercising reasonable care would discover the condition, and should realize that it is an unreasonable risk of harm to invitees, and should expect that they will not realize the danger, or will not protect themselves against it, and fails to exercise reasonable care to protect them against the danger. Normally, determining whether the host has exercised reasonable care to make their premises safe for an invitee is a question of fact for a jury. Conclusion: Sweeping of a floor only once in the morning does not constitute exercise of reasonable care to prevent injury to customers from objects left in the floor. The issue of fact as to whether the store had notice of the object in the floor precluded a summary judgment.

A Formal Application :: Free Essay Writer

The Ambiguity of Death Since the creation of man, certain primal urges have been imprinted into the human being’s psyche. Out of many of those the instinct of death is included, probably stemming from the necessity of killing to obtain one’s food. The instinct of death remains today and has been changed, adapted, suppressed and exemplified. In "A Formal Application" the ironic theory of applying death as a way of life is portrayed through a man’s act of killing a bird. The poem flows through the practice, planning and execution of a common bird. The climax of the poem comes when he refers to his act of violence as an "Audubon Crucifix". Through various examples in history he validates this unnecessary crucifix. "A Formal Application" rejoins the human race by immortalizing the importance of death. The structure of the poem is separated into three sections containing three stanza’s each. There is no apparent rhyme scheme making it a free verse and prose piece. The setting is outside, most likely close to the speakers house, and surrounded by forest and wildlife. It takes place in the mid 1900’s and probably in the spring-time. This piece is compiled of nine triplets separated into three sections. The first section of three triplets starts with the speaker honing his knife throwing skills. In the first section the speaker starts his training. By this practice he automatically tells us that he wants for this action to happen perfectly. By perfecting his skills he confirms to us the importance of this act to him. In the first stanza he begins to learn how to inflict pain with his knife by throwing it. He molds a kitchen utensil into a fatal weapon by enhancing his throwing skills. The second stanza shows his progression from merely throwing the knife, to hitting a target. The last stanza involves him targeting a moving object. This indicates he will be inflicting harm on a living thing with his weapon of choice With his means of weaponry defined we learn he still needs not only a moving target but a living one. The next section of triplets signifies his planning and enticing of his prey. In the first stanza he starts to weave his lesson of deception by "teaching" the birds. By tricking the birds into thinking he is a source of food, he gains the necessary element of surprise he needs for his later crucifixion.

The Worst Hard Times

The Worst Hard Times Study Guide Chapters 3-5 I. PROMISE: The Great Plowup, 1901-1930 Chapter 3: Creating Dalhart 1. Vocabulary (choose 3 that you want to make sure you know): sharecropping (p. 52), optimism (p. 53), factory farms (p. 53), hooch (p. 54), landlord (56), cannon fodder (57) 2. Make a list of all the names. Who are they? What are their stories in connection with Dalhart and the times told of in this book? 3. Make a list of all the different ways the grass of the prairie is referred to; also keep a list of all the ways the land and the dust are referred to. 4. What were the ways people hoped to make money around Dalhart?Which were successful and which were not? 5. Who were the ‘girls’? What did they do for the town? (Read between the lines. The actual words on the page are not the answer to this question. ) 6. Who were the people (US origins? European origins? ) migrating to the High Plains? What were they looking and hoping for? Chapter 4: High Plains Deutsc h 1. Vocabulary (choose 5 you want to make sure you know): glut (p. 59), wheat mounds (p. 59), bushel (p. 59), debts, naked (p. 60), gamble (p. 60), swamping (p 60), defiant (p. 61), pungent (p. 62), potent (p. 62), turkey red (p. 62), thistle (p. 62), pacifists (p. 2), manifest destiny (p. 64), yeomen (p. 66) 2. When wheat prices went down and then down again, what did farmers do? What do you think of this? 3. Add to your list of all the names. What are their stories in connection with the area mentioned and the times told of in this book? 4. What is the family event in this chapter? Like other chapters, Egan begins telling this story, but then he goes to other events. What is the point of the story he tells us in this chapter? 5. What are the similarities and differences between the story of Russia and the High Plains? 6. What is the point of George Ehrlich family story?What particular experiences did he and his family have? What were the particular characteristics of George and h is culture? 7. P 61: ‘make fun of;’ ‘call them in for questioning;’ ‘refuse them entry;’ ‘mock.. ;’ ‘laugh at;’ ‘deride. ’ What is the subject of and object of these verb phrases? What do you think about this? 8. What countries did people come from to settle the High Plains? Support each place with names that Egan tells us. 9. What is the point of Egan telling us about the immigrants? What did they bring to the High Plains? 10. What does this mean, â€Å"Some railroads practiced selective ethnic shopping†?Chapter 5: Last of the Great Plowup 1. Vocabulary(choose 3 you want to make sure you know): stock market (p. 73), shares (p. 74), foreclosure (p. 79), warrants (p. 78), mule trains (81), tumble weed (p. 84) 2. When wheat prices went down and then down again, what did farmers do? What do you think of this? (I know this was in Ch 4†¦but what is different or the same in this chapter? ) 3. Althoug h most Americans did not own stocks, they had land and wheat. What happened to the prices of wheat and land after the stock market crash in 1929? 4. There was a peculiar kind of storm. What was it ? What did the storms do? How did people react? . Is President Hoover concerned about food? Why not? 6. How do farmers try to beat the banks in foreclosure sales in Boise City? 7. How much was Hazel paid for her teaching job? Where did the money come from to pay her? 8. What activity did Ike Osteen observe when he was playing at the ghost church? 9. Egan says that Prohibition was a â€Å"moneymaker and job creator† (p. 82). What is he telling us? 10. How were black men treated in Dalhart? Give an example. 11. What was going on with the wheat? What idea did President Hoover reject? What did farmers do in response? 12. â€Å"A new decade was dawning† †¦. What does this refer to?

The impact of ozone depletion

The ozone is a thin bed of triatomic O molecules located within the ambiance which is capable of absorbing deadly UV ( UV ) radiation from the Sun. Ozone occurs of course within the stratosphere, and it accounts for approximately 90 % of the entire ozone molecules in the ambiance, compared to the tropospheric ozone which forms a major air pollutant and histories for only10 % . Ozone bed in the atmosphere extends vertically up to about 50Km, and there are about 12,000 ozone molecules per 1 billion molecules of air, while less measure exist in the troposphere of about 20-100 molecules per billion molecules of air. Stratospheric ozone is formed through a uninterrupted complex procedure of photochemical reaction affecting the splitting of O molecules into two O atoms by solar energy and each atom farther combines with O molecules to bring forth ozone. Because the procedure is sunlight dependant, more ozone is produced at lower latitudes due the concentration of high solar radiation around the equator ; as such ozone is continually produced and destroyed in these complex chemical reactions. The planetary distribution of ozone depends on conditions such as the handiness of Br and Cl in the ambiance, high solar strength and latitudinal location that favour the production of the molecules. Without this bed, UV-B radiation when making the Earth is capable of damaging works and animate being tissues, increasing the hazard of wellness jobs such as skin malignant neoplastic disease in worlds every bit good as destructing both tellurian and aquatic ecosystems. Depletion of the ozone has been observed over the old ages due to the release of chemical substances into the ambiance by worlds. In 2005, scientists have observed the addition in ozone depleting substances ( ODS ) which consequences to the cutting of this protective bed over Arctic and Antarctic poles by about 30 – 50 % , and a planetary mean decrease of about 3 – 6 % compared to the pre – 1980 degrees. The procedure of depletion begins with the release of the ozone depleting substances ( ODS ) such as Cl and Br and CFCs ( CFCs ) largely from human beginnings. These gases farther accumulate into the ambiance for some clip depending of their occupant times and so transported to the stratosphere through perpendicular commixture. These non-reactive gases are farther converted into reactive compounds by UV radiation, so chemical reactions takes topographic point to destruct the ozone bed. Finally, these gases are transported back to the troposphere where they are re moved through precipitation. Climate alteration and ozone bed depletion are interlinked because ozone itself is a nursery gas and together with other ozone consuming substances such as Br ( Br ) and Cl ( Cl ) contribute to planetary heating. Therefore any alterations in the atmospheric concentration and distribution of ozone will hold important impact on the planetary clime system. Release of these ( ODS ) substances including C dioxide and CFCs has a chilling consequence on the stratosphere. This chilling consequence favours the chemical reactions in Cl and Br thereby lending to the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds ( PSC ) , a status that consequences in the depletion of ozone. Surveies have proved that the lessening in stratospheric ozone observed over Antarctica led to alterations in the interactions between the stratosphere and the Earth. These alterations alter the atmospheric circulation peculiarly the North Atlantic oscillation ( NAO ) , which in bend has an consequence on fluctuation of clime around the Atlantic. Depletion of the ozone has another important consequence on the planetary biogeochemical rhythms which has profound consequence on the clime system. Increase in the sum UV-B modifies the C rhythm by impacting the consumption of CO2 by workss during photosynthesis, every bit good as C storage in workss tissues as biomass. Because the tellurian ecosystem serves as a net sink for C, alterations in the sum of UV radiation is capable of upseting the photosynthetic and respiration procedures which link the atmospheric C and tellurian C consumption and release. Within the tellurian ecosystems, certain works species become more susceptible to increased UV radiation, therefore cut downing their ability to gaining control and shop atmospheric C dioxide. Furthermore, a alteration in the UV radiation increases the rate of productiveness of dirt micro beings such as fungi thereby increasing the rate of C release from biomass decomposition. This accelerated bend over clip of C through this procedure of exposure debasement or exposure transmutation decreases the storage capacity of the dirt as a major C sink, as such lending to planetary heating. Scientific projections from theoretical accounts suggest a major displacement in planetary ecosystems from ice chest and wetting agent to warmer and drier conditions in response to climate change-UV interaction. Another of import linkage between ozone depletion and clime alteration is the change of the marine biological pump of atmospheric C dioxide into the ocean underside under the influence of UV radiation. Coloured dissolved organic affair ( CDOM ) nowadays in aquatic primary manufacturers which is utile in absorbing UV in the ocean undergoes exposure decoloring under higher dosage. Thereby ensuing in the loss of the pigment and accordingly let more UV incursion into the ocean and cut down the ability of aquatic workss to repair C during photosynthesis. Besides, thermic stratification of ocean Waterss occur as a consequence of increased CO2 from human- induced emanations decreases mid-water O around the deepness of 200-800m, which affect C consumption by the oceans. This stratification impact perpendicular commixture of substances such as bromocarbons found in tropical Waterss. Under the influence of UV, certain ozone consuming reactive groups such as Br oxide ( BrO ) are produced. Conversely, clime alteration besides has a important influence on ozone bed depletion. This influence may either accelerate or slow the ozone procedure of recovery. Climate alteration induces the formation of Polar stratospheric clouds around the high latitudes which when exported to mid-latitudes bring forth farther depletion of the ozone around such countries. Surveies have shown that radiative forcing from planetary heating may assist the ozone to retrieve because it tends to cut down the formation of such clouds that interact with gases in the ambiance to destruct the ozone. Evidence was observed in the decrease in the loss of ozone over Antarctica between 2001 and 2004 during the spring period. Since ozone depletion is the chief cause of decrease in temperature of the stratospheric ozone by about ( -0.17 & A ; deg ; C/ decennary ) , addition in the emanation of Green House Gases ( GHG ) into the ambiance will hold a warming consequence thereby change by reversaling this loss. Re actions affecting compounds of halogen are straight affected by UV-B and clime alteration. Halomethane emanations attributed to climate alteration react with UV-B and accordingly modulate ozone handiness in the ambiance. Climate alteration induced addition in temperature stimulates the release of methyl bromide and methyl iodide from certain species of workss under the influence of UV radiation. Besides, clime alteration consequence in the change of the planetary hydrological rhythm by increasing the rate of precipitation and eutrophication of organic C into rivers and watercourses from land. Mineralisation of this organic stuff takes topographic point under the influence of UV to foster release C into the ambiance and contribute to planetary heating. In add-on, planetary heating caused by human-induced addition in Nitrogen oxide ( NO ) , Carbon monoxide ( CO ) , and Methane ( CH4 ) from shrub fires increases the rate of production of ozone in the troposphere. As such planetary heating may increase the sum of aerosols nowadays in the ambiance which later affects the rate of ozone photolysis by about 6-11 % . Other natural factors lending to climate alteration such as volcanic eruption and fluctuation in sun-spot activity affect ozone bed depletion. Because ozone depletion in the stratosphere is formed under the influence of solar energy, any addition in the sum of radiation coming from the Sun will increase the sum of ozone in the ambiance. Variation in the 11-year Sun topographic point activity indicate an ascertained addition and lessening in ozone concentration with matching maximal and minimal solar rhythms severally. Furthermore, The Brewer-Dobson circulation is responsible for the conveyance of sulphur gases from volcanic eruptions into the stratosphere. The go uping subdivision of this circulation conveyance gas from the Torrid Zones upwards while the falling subdivision return the gases back to the troposphere in the high latitudes. Volcanic eruptions besides release sulphate gases into the ambiance. These gases significantly cut down the rate of extension of incident radiation from the Sun and diminish the production of ozone. Other natural factors such as the release of methyl bromide into the ambiance from rice cultivation deplete the ozone and therefore increase the incursion of UV radiation. There is a strong relationship between UV radiation, C and N cycling which has a important clime alteration deductions. Increase in UV can impact the N rhythm through alterations in the rate of organic affair decomposition of N incorporating compounds through nitrogen arrested development. Nitrogen compounds such as ammonium hydroxide and nitrate are continuously cycled within the biosphere in series of complex procedures. Dissolved organic Nitrogen ( DON ) reacts with UV radiation to interrupt it down into more soluble ammonium compound through the procedure of photoammonification. All these procedures determine rates of C consumption and decomposition in the planetary C rhythm. Report from the World Meteorological Organisation ( WMO 2003 ) indicate feedback mechanisms from increasing H2O vapor into the ambiance, which increases the handiness of odd-hydrogen extremist that leads to ozone depletion by upseting N and Cl rhythms. Within the marine ecosystem, hydrolysis of Br and I takes topographic point by photolysis reaction in the ocean to bring forth ozone consuming substances. Marine phytoplanktons like algae found in tropical Waterss emit halogen compounds into the troposphere. Besides, the interaction between UV-B radiation and the sulphur rhythm contribute to climate alteration. Pollutants such as dimethyl sulfide ( DMS ) and carbonyl sulfide ( COS ) are emitted as aerosols that have chilling consequence on the ambiance. Climate alteration can besides impact the extension of planetal moving ridges into the ambiance ( Rhind et al.,2005a ; 2005b ; Scott and Polvani, 2004: Scott et al. , 2004 ) . Climate theoretical accounts suggest a important impact of clime alteration on troposphere-stratosphere interaction. Surveies by Rhind et Al. ( 2001 ) estimated in approximately 30 % in this interaction resulted from duplicating of C dioxide sum in the ambiance. Appraisal by Scaife ( 2001 ) shows a decadal addition of approximately 3 % as a effect of clime alteration. All these interactions have profound consequence on the conveyance of ozone depleting substances into the stratosphere every bit good as their remotion from the stratosphere back to the Earth surface. In order to minimise or extinguish the impacts of ozone bed depletion, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was signed in 1987, and so came into force in 1989. Under this understanding, assorted states that signed up the pact pledged to cut down the production and ingestion of harmful halogen gases.This decrease mark begins with the decelerating down the production and so their eventual stage out through the usage of replacement gases. The usage of ozone friendly Hydrochloroflourocarbons ( HCFCs ) was adopted to replace the usage of CFC-12 in the industry of refrigerants and froth devising agents. The Montreal Protocol has successfully achieved a decrease in the concentration of Cl in the planetary ambiance in the late twentieth century. Another of import accomplishment is the decrease in the production of methyl trichloromethane and Chlorofluorocarbons to a close zero degree at the planetary graduated table. Towards the terminal of this century, substances such as methyl chloride and methyl bromide are expected to be eliminated from the ambiance due to the projected stabilization and subsequent decrease in their production. Complete recovery of the ozone to pre 1980 degree is expected under rigorous conformity to the Montreal Protocol by the center of this century, with slower recovery rate predicted by computing machine theoretical accounts around the â€Å" Antarctic ozone hole † . In decision, human induced clime alteration and ozone bed depletion are closely inter-related. With ozone depletion worsening the rate of planetary warming while clime alteration continues to consume the ozone. Therefore necessary steps must be taken under the Montreal and Kyoto Protocol commissariats to cut down the emanation of ODS and other green house gases in order to salvage the planet from effects of farther warming effects on human wellness and the environment.

How to get better at taking risks

How to get better at taking risks Risk is scary. Everything in human history has evolved to make us scared of risk. After all, time has taught us that risks can get you eaten by animals in the wild, or have you holding your head in despair while the stock market (with your bold investment in ostrich futures) tanks. But risk can also be rewarding when it comes to your career. If you feel like you could use a little more bravery, there are ways to rewire your thinking to make yourself more open to risk. Nothing too bold or daredevil-y (for now), though- we’ll leave that to Richard Branson.Set your goals.The most effective risk-taking is tied to specific goals. You’re not doing something just for the sake of doing it, but rather to learn something, or overcome a particular issue, or advance to a milestone. If you want to start embracing more risks in order to improve your job status or your pay grade, it starts with clearly defining your career goals. If it means starting your own business, or going freela nce after being a full-time corporate worker, it’s important to keep in mind that your ultimate goal is independence. As long as you have that goal in your head as the end result, it can make big jumps (like quitting your day job) easier to do.Do your research.Data makes you feel better. If you’re thinking about switching jobs or changing careers altogether, the best thing you can do to validate the risk is gather as much information as you can. If you’re thinking about making a significant investment and going back to school, what are the job stats for new graduates in your field? If you’re thinking about asking for a raise, what are people at your level in your field making? It can also help you make an informed decision to walk away from the risk, too- it’s not just about talking yourself into doing something, but about understanding what you’re about to do.Start small.Even with your big goals in mind, set smaller milestones (and therefor e smaller risks) to check off along the way. That way, you’re not going all-in on something that feels big and scary because you’ve already made progress and smaller commitments toward that goal. For example, if you’re thinking of starting your own business, begin by opening a business bank account or getting the paperwork started for an LLC. Those are significant steps, but not so frightening in and of themselves.Don’t worry about being perfect.If you’re taking a risk, you might think everything has to align perfectly for it to be successful. Not so! Taking action is the truly important part. Hesitation over results can stop recovering perfectionists and overachievers in their steps. In the worst case scenario, you’ll fail- but at least you’ll have tried and learned valuable lessons about what works and what doesn’t.Risks don’t have to be grand gestures that change everything forever. A risk can be something as simple a s doing something out of your comfort zone. As long as you have a purpose and a plan behind you, you’ll find that taking risks isn’t so scary after all- and realize it’s something we can all learn to do smarter.

United States History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

United States History - Essay Example The Spanish conquistadors conquered large empires in the New World. The Spanish colonizers had superior military technology and advanced military tactics that enabled them to form alliances with local tribes and carry out surprising attacks to conquer different areas. The Spanish conquistadors would then partition the conquered areas into encomiendas. The encomienda system converted Indians into slaves. In the sixteenth century, Spain had emerged as the most successful colonizer. Other colonizers such as England and France felt threatened by continued success of Spain in colonization. Spain was the first colonize America and had managed to capitalize on vast regions of America while other rivals such as England and France had not entered America. Spanish colonizers managed to acquire vast natural resources from its colonies and develop the economy in its mother country. Although the Spanish government was operating from Madrid it made use of viceroyalties, royal courts of appeal and audencias to manage its colonies in the new world. Megellan started circumnavigating the globe but natives killed him while he was crossing the Pacific. Spaniards then captured Aztec in 1519. In 1507, Waldseemuler named the newly discovered world as America. The terrain was characterized by harsh conditions. Moreover, few native laborers had been reduced to slaves. They could not satisfy the growing number of Spanish settlers. Therefore, Spanish started importing African slaves. Francisco later invaded and conquered Peru. Later on Jamestown was founded in Virginia for English settlement. In 1680, Pope Rebellion led to end of the encomienda system. 2) Describe the major difficulties that early settlers in Virginia encountered and how these difficulties were overcome. The early settlers in Virginia encountered numerous challenges. One of the challenges was hunger and disea ses, which left several of the settlers dead. Most of the settlers were vulnerable to diseases and most could hardly stand diseases. Although most of the settlers died due to famine, a number died from water poisoning. The river water they were using had slime, which caused salt poisoning, typhoid and dysentery. The poisoned water caused an epidemic that killed most of the colonizers. This resulted in disintegration of the leadership. Moreover, most of the remaining settlers were ill and could hardly work. In the early 1608, there was a fire that destroyed the fort as well as the colonist dwelling and provisions. This left the colonizers without food and they had to depend on Indians. Around 1609 major hunger had affected Virginia, resulted in instances of malnutrition, and made settlers vulnerable to diseases. Moreover, the local Indians retaliated and would and times attack the settler. The settlers overcome the challenges by carrying out faming to obtain food. Additionally, they would use guns to threaten the Indian attackers. Moreover, the settlers built a wall around their houses to prevent themselves from the attacks. The settler’s leaders such kept recruiting new settlers to replace the dead ones, which helped the colony survive. Moreover, the settlers imported slaves from Africa to help in the faming. 3) Define mercantilism and describe the obligations of the colonies under England’s mercantilist policies. Mercantilism was an economic system adopted by England, which was based on the belief the national wealth depended on the contribution of the colonies in supplying resources such as precious metal and purchasing the goods

Google's creativity tools and innovation management Essay

Google's creativity tools and innovation management - Essay Example As per the new in the market Wolfram Alpha is getting into a partnership with Microsoft; and the other competitor Cuil formed by Ex-employees of Google is also considered a strong competitor of Google. Though Yahoo is also among the competitors of Google, but it might not be so threatening. 1. Six Thinking Hats technique teach the members to distinguish between different kind of thinking and then to relate them with distinct colour (University Of Texas, n.d.). In Google the management understands that Six Thinking Hat often results in great ideals and innovative solution, so they ask their employees to follow this habit (Executive Education Panel, n.d.). Still Microsoft relies more on blue hat think (Fried, 2005). As per Do Bono use of this technique assist the company to be creative (Faulknor, n.d.). 2. Brainstorm is used by the companies for generating alternative and innovative ideas and solutions for prevailing problem (Usability Body of Knowledge, 2005). In Google the brainstorming in applied for determining new products or services which will make the experience of customers better (Chamonix, 2007. p.1-6). None of the competitor of Google practices 80/20 Rule for better brainstorming techniques (Ahmad, 2007). As per the module it results in generation of new ideas. 3. Fishbone Map is a cause-effect analysis tool which is often used by the companies to show interaction in a complex situation or event (Cap Fear community College, n.d.). This comprises of five 5M: Man, Method, Machine, Material and Measurement. This helps the management to analyse the root cause behind any particular problem so it is called â€Å"trouble shooting method† (Abdulla, n.d.). This is a creative tool, which is used by Google quite often, is getting adopted by its other competitors like (Mochal, 2007). As per Ishikawa the companies should use this technique to develop creative solutions for the problem (Watne State University,

Compare and contrast federalism in Canada during the Keynesian era and Essay

Compare and contrast federalism in Canada during the Keynesian era and federalism in the neoliberal era - Essay Example ion’s flexibility has been responsible for finding solutions to public policy along with assisting it to rise to the challenges faced (â€Å"Canadian Federalism†, 2007). To put it simply, the country’s federation has been a common strength in identifying divergences and overcoming them thereby constructing a stronger nation (â€Å"Canadian Federalism†, 2007). The two centers of focus of the Canadian federal experience signify cultural dualism, the desire and ability of French and English speaking Canadians to survive as such along with the use of institutions of the government which they respectively dominate, and the other is public action to satisfy the material aspirations of individuals and groups living within an economy in which burdens and benefits are ascertained by the economic policies of successive federal administrations (Smiley, 1965). Canadian federalism exhibits the trend of decentralization (Lecture 17, n.d.). In spite of facing huge challenges the Canadian federation has made it work towards this trend (Lecture 17, n.d.). Early judicial decisions showed an inclination towards provincial power in Canada after 1867 (Lecture 17, n.d.). The election victory of 1896 marked he reversal of Macdonald’s centralism by Laurier (Lecture 17, n.d.). Both World War I and World War II brought interruptions in the movement (Lecture 17, n.d.). However, it spite of some federal states opting to move more towards centralized over time, Canada has remained persistent in its trend of decentralization of authority (Lecture 17, n.d.). Due to the influence of Great Depression (1929-1939), the Rowell-Sirois Commission revealed inclination towards economic management and social welfare from provinces to federal level (Lecture 17, n.d.). Reorganization of taxing functions was advised to favor federal assumption of new spending priorities and to enhance redistributive measures to offer national standards from coast to coast (Lecture 17, n.d.). However, the orders of the

Background to Media Plan of Unpackaged Grocery Retailers Essay

Background to Media Plan of Unpackaged Grocery Retailers - Essay Example â€Å"Media planning  - is the choice of optimal channel advertising (advertising contacts), conducted in order to maximize the effectiveness of advertising campaigns† (What is a Media Plan? n.d.). Situation Analysis: About Unpackaged and its Products: Unpackaged, is an organic grocery store set up locally in North London in the year 2007. (Unpackaged: Using Less Wasteful Packaging n.d.). It makes use of the design which helps its local customers to purchase products using less wasteful packages, and thus helps them to remain more eco- friendly. Unpackaged sells environmentally friendly standard mass items such as grains, sugars, flours, spices, and the traditional grocery products like oil, milk, eggs, cheese, wine, and beer. â€Å"Unpackaged was founded in 2006 by Catherine Conway,† who recognized that it is important to work with designers to be more successful for the plan of alternative to supermarket shopping† (Unpackaged n.d.). With the aid of design agen cy Conway managed to develop a strong brand and certain new ways of shopping. Unpackaged began its operation â€Å"as a market stall at Exmouth Market† (Easy Tips to Being Greener (and Better off)! 2007) with Conway pointing out the type of grocery people like to buy loose and â€Å"lots of feedback from customers† (Diamond 2012) regarding the reasons behind to stay off from buying Unpackaged products. So they created a jar icon when they remain still in the small business in the market. The business still found it difficult to brand the organization as it removed the essential thing i.e. the vehicle for branding purpose: packaging. Later they designed a flyer that utilizes icons with the same ratios as the unpackaged jar to clarify how the new concept of shopping works. They moved from the stall into the retail shop in the market, and more versions of the icons in gold foil were put on the door, so that everybody who comes into the shop can effortlessly make out how i t will work. The movement of Unpackaged into a shop, intended for a new style of shopping, proved to be popular in the market. â€Å"The mantra of Unpackaged is: Reduce by only buying what you need, Reuse by bringing your containers for a refill, Recycle what you can’t reuse. And†¦ if you can’t reuse or recycle it then don’t buy it!† (Unpackaged Shopping without Packaging 2012). About the Market: The grocery market in UK

What Is Art? Expressivism in Art

What Is Art? Expressivism in Art A definition of art would help to identify what art is in order for individuals to recognise and appreciate it, but there is controversy as to how to define art or whether art can be defined at all. It will become clear that features of what it takes to be art are not particularly simple to pinpoint. For example, the aestheticist would suggest that good art must look good, but it is not enough to say that something is art if it has the quality of being aesthetically pleasing. Beauty may apply to a large number of things that are not readily accepted as art, or on the contrary, not all art may be aesthetically pleasing at all. Furthermore, the aesthetic standard of art will only please a certain class of people. There are many conceptual definitions of art that attempt to outline the necessary and sufficient conditions required for something to be considered a work of art, though I will focus on the concept of expressivism as it proves to be the most convincing to me. I will set out to define art as understood by the expressivists Tolstoy and Collingwood, through which it will become clear that it takes much more than external features such as beauty to define art. Tolstoy makes some important contributions to the nature of expressivism, but exacerbates his views as he emphasises the significance of religion in defining art. It is here that Collingwood seems to have the edge, and the more appealing definition seems to be a combination of the benefits of both theories. I will therefore argue for the importance of having a definition of art, as although conceptual ones are tricky in themselves, it is equally as troubling to omit the use of a definition altogether. Expressivism largely deals with the fact that art connects with people via their senses. It defines art through the expression of emotion that is entailed by the artist in their artwork and the emotional impact that it has on the audience. To Tolstoy, something is art if it creates an emotional link between the artist and its audience, uniting them insomuch that the emotion portrayed through the artwork affects the viewer. It is true that every man has the capacity to receive, through hearing or sight, another mans emotions and feel those feelings himself, just as each man has the ability to affect another man through his expression of feeling, and Tolstoy infers that this is the heart of which the activity of art is based. But more specifically, the infection is characteristically indirect, in that it begins when one person, the artist, expresses through his artwork his emotion, which is communicated to the viewer through the artwork as a medium. As a simple example, Tolstoy describes a boy who encounters a wolf and feels fear. On experiencing this, he describes the experience to others in such a way as to arouse the fear that he experienced in himself and infect the avid listeners with the particular emotion. This analogy shares with art three distinct characteristics: individuality, clarity and sincerity. It is individual because it focuses specifically on one emotion, creating emphasis and increasing infection. It is clear because the emotion portrayed is pure and communicated without distraction, making it all the more infectious. Lastly, it is sincere because the stronger the artist or storyteller feels when communicating the emotion, the more infectious the feeling will be to the viewer. All three are important contributors to the quality of art, as the stronger the infection, the better is the art as art  [1]  . Tolstoy notes that many inaccurate definitions of art arise from that fact that they consider the pleasure that art gives, rather than the purpose that it serves in life and in humanity. To direct the aim of our endeavours at pleasure and to define it accordingly is like judging food based on the satisfaction of our tastes. Our taste buds are not an accurate basis for what can be universally known as good food, nor is beauty to good art. Hence, Tolstoy maintains that the concept of beauty when looking to define art simply confuses matters, and in order to define art accurately, it is necessary to avoid considering it as a means of pleasure, but rather as one of the conditions of human life that we use to interact and to communicate emotion between one another. So far, these discussions seem plausible as they allow for the objectivity of art and the basis of the definition to be intelligible and clear, rather than plainly aesthetic. Intelligent and clear expression of emotion enables us to grasp what is or is not art and maintains the meaning of art, otherwise any such expression of emotion could be defined as art and the definition steadily loses its meaning until it simply becomes a meaningless concept. But the strength of Tolstoys reasoning seems to falter at the part of the explanation that he deems most fundamental. Central to his argument, Tolstoy criticises the art of his era and infers that art had lost its true meaning to be exchanged for a counterfeit concept of art, which sought only to please those of a certain class. Real art is led by religious perception, which must be accepted in order to influence our understanding of feelings expressed through art. By religion, Tolstoy explicitly means Christianity, and it is declared that the best emotions communicated through art are those that appeal to Christian teachings of mans love for God and neighbour. Anything else, to Tolstoy, was insignificant art which aimed only at giving pleasureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (and) did not deserve such esteem and encouragement  [2]  . He likens the replacement of real art with counterfeit art to worshipping false idols in Gods place. To suggest that art has departed from religious influence and has therefore lost all meaning seems irrational and slightly hypocritical. He accuses counterfeit art of appealing only to a certain class of people, but to place a religious constraint on the value of art does not, as Tolstoy intends, unite the classes, but places exclusivity on art too. The overbearing problem here is that good art doesnt have to be religious, and rather than defining art objectively, Tolstoy seems to have defined it around his own moral and religious perspective. It seems particularly harsh to rule out those who dont conform to his own form of Christianity as being in error and thus cannot appreciate true art. As Tolstoy, Collingwoods conception of art holds that it is essentially an expression of emotion, though perhaps provides a more sophisticated account. So, as Tolstoy does, Collingwood recognises that the expression of emotion is familiar to every artist. The realisation of this emotion, however, is imminent though not discernible. The artist is conscious of feeling something though he may not immediately realise what it is, so he expresses it as a way of not oppressing it. It is not until he has expressed it, that he realises what emotion it is. Further, he lists individualisation as an important factor in the expression of emotion. There are names for the types of emotions that we experience: happiness, anger, sadness and so on, but these emotions also come in many forms. The happiness I may feel right now is different and distinct from the happiness I felt yesterday, or any other time. They are individual and not general. Collingwood illustrates this with the poet, who recognises the peculiarity of his emotions and makes efforts to individualise them by expressing them in terms that set them apart from other feelings of the same kind.  [3]  This distinguishes art from craft, craft being that which has a general aim, and however accurately attempts to describe it may be, will always be defined as the production of a thing having characteristics that could be shared by other things  [4]  . He illustrates this quite succinctly: the joiner could make a table out of specific pieces of wood, with specific measurements th at arent shared by any other table, but those factors could still, in principle, be shared by other tables. So the artist, in contrast, does not make, he creates ex nihilo. He does not aim to create an emotion in his audience but more specifically, an emotion of a certain kind. At this point, Collingwood introduces the third important contributing factor to the definition of art. To create art ex nihilo would suggest that it begins in the mind, as the artist creates the artwork as a means of expressing what he is feeling. Hence, the third factor of art is imagination. Collingwood provides an important account of pinpointing real art, as he necessitates that the role of a true artist is not to instil or arouse emotion in his audience, but to produce an artwork, so if a musician, make a tune. It is easy to think of the music as art, but this is a common mistake. The tune exists perfectly and complete when it is still imaginary in the artists head. It doesnt become real until it is played for its sound to be heard by an audience, but this is where the mistake is made. Collingwood maintains that there are two different and distinct things here and we often mistake the wrong one to be art. The music, or artwork, is not the assortment of noises played out by inst ruments, but rather the tune in the musicians head. As a result of distinguishing art from craft he upholds that expression is an activity of which there can be no technique  [5]  as unlike craft, art has no preconceived end, coinciding with Collingwoods view that the artist doesnt know what emotion he is feeling until he has expressed it. This is possibly the most troubling part of his theory as we often consider art to be a demonstration of great skill. Perhaps Tolstoy can even recognise that the artist is skilful in communicating his emotion to an audience in a way that the ordinary person cant. Good technique is consistent with helping artists express their feelings creatively, as the painter can communicate them much more effectively with the knowledge of different brush strokes to exhibit different visual effects, or the blending of different colours together to instil a variety of different moods in his artworks. It seems absurd to say that it is only thorough absence of technique that produces real art. To conclude, the benefits that we can take from the two expressivists is that art requires a definition in order to retain the meaning of what real art is, and that art serves as a medium for communicating emotions. It is true that we feel certain emotions that artwork seem to convey. It is also true that these emotions can be infectious, for example on listening to a particularly upbeat song, we may suddenly feel a sense of happiness. It is also true that emotions consist of many different forms. Happiness stretches from satisfaction to elation and it is perhaps the individuality of feelings that artists experience that contribute to the individuality and quality of artwork. Collingwoods distinction between art and craft is also quite key to the definition of art, as although both may require a certain level of skill, the artist is very much about expressing emotion through his skill while the craftsman is merely making for the sake of making. So on this basis, a combination of the benefits of both expressivist theories seems to provide a valid definition of art. With omitting the defects of both theories, it would seem easy to suggest that if art really is so difficult to define, then maybe it is a subjective concept, and what it is should be left for people to determine for themselves. But that isnt an adequate conclusion, as it makes for difficulty in talking meaningfully about art, or what one considers being good or bad art, as each will have a different idea of what art is. Further, to say that art is something that which cannot be defined is, in itself, defining it in a particularly unsatisfactory way, as it achieves nothing. It is for this reason that a conceptual definition of art is preferable to not having one at all.

Obesity Alters Gut Microbial Ecology Essay -- Biology

A common theme among the concerns of today’s American citizens is that of obesity. Obesity, identifiable by abnormal fat accumulation, can be defined in absolute terms by one who has a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30. It is estimated that over 30 percent of American adults are clinically obese. This number has shown a dramatic increase from the 15 percent of American adults suffering from obesity in 1980. Globally, 400 million adults are obese, while predictions place this number at 700 million by 2015. The major issue confronting this adiposity is the health conditions that accompany states of extreme obesity. These include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis among others. The escalating number of obese and the health effects connected to this condition have resulted in increased research and attention to the study of obesity. It is the common belief that the cause of obesity is solely due to an excessive consumption of food. However, recent studies have made a correlation between obesity and the diversity of microbiota in the gut. One project of focus (â€Å"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology†) measured the proportions of gut microbes in mice populations and hypothesized a relationship between this bacterial number and body mass. The significance of this field of study is vital to the issue of obesity. First, such a discovery would falsify the stereotype that obesity is exclusively a result of a disproportionate intake of calories. Instead, it would show that this condition is a genetic trait which maintains an acute relationship with the composition of microbes in the gut. More importantly, if the exact association between obesity and gut microbes can be discovered, it may be possible to alter or... ...05. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 21 Oct 2007. . * "Obesity." Wikipedia. 14 Nov 2007. . * "Obesity and Overweight." Media Centre. Sept 2006. World Health Organization. 1 Nov 2007. . * "Overweight and Obesity." Diseases and Conditions Index. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. 1 Nov 2007. . * Smith, Christopher M. "DNA Sequence and Structural Analysis." 17 Feb 2004. The Regents of the University of California. 21 Oct 2007. >. * University of Maryland. "Phylogenetic Analysis I." 2006. 21 Oct. 2007. .

Climate Change Essay

Once, I visited a hospital for my health checkup,there I saw a man with shattered skin,rashes all over the body;clearcut it was the case of allergy.Doctors are rushing and making report on it.After a week I again visited that hospital for my scheduled checkup,then I came to know a shocking news-that allergy case was the case of Ganga bath!! Alas! Holy river Ganga, ancient river Ganga ,that Ganga which takes away all the sins from mankind, today causing allergy,irritation,skin rashes!!! that man has to pay price for his religious belief†¦ Also scientists got some samples from Ganga from specific places having disease causing microbes. This small case itself indicate the change we have made in our nature. Change is the law of nature,change is inevitable and change is evergoing process,but Climate Change is one of the most complex,multifaceted and serious threat that the World face. Whether you are adding your bit to the heap of garbage piling up in your locality or not become meaningless when the garbage begins to rot-the stench will reach your nose too,Climate Change induced by global warming works much the same way. World famous scientists all over the country had evaluated climate change and came to conclusion that Greenhouse Gases ,CFC, Carbondieoxide and many other toxic gases are the cause of environment degradation.Though it is true scientifically,the root lies elsewhere;that is in the greed of human being.Our greed led to adavancement of technology and led us farther from peace and prosperity of all. Increasing consumption of electricity due to intiation of several new industries,disposal of garbage without treatment to maximize profit,use of environment hazardious substances like polythene in our daily life are concrete examples of human greed. People have been influencing the Biosphere for at least 8000 years,since the invention of Agriculture,but Climate Change has proposed a threat over our Agriculture.The most affected area of Climate Change will be Agriculture and its biodiversity. The first and foremost impact of climate change is in biodiversity specially Islands biodiversity.nearly one –fourth of the worlds countries are Island and they are treasure trove of biodiversity.Also they provide food,fresh water ,wood,fibre,medicine,fuel and other raw materials. But increasing sea level has given a alarm threat to them,The New Moore Island of India in Sunderbans has been consumed recently by rising sea,many other Pacific atoll nation Island of Kiribati,Islands of Vanuatu also submerged in early history.we are loosing huge . biodiversity;these are initial cases†¦ Rather IPCC has warned that a rise in sea levels of between 18 and 59cm by 2100 would be enough to submerge many other big islands, including Maldives and make them unhabitable,also of the 724 recorded animal extinctions in 400 years about half were Island species .also climate change will bring degradation of coastal environment and natural resources on which poor rural people depend.Higher rates of erosion and coastal land loss may vanish our islands In context of Agriculture,sea level rise will also cause increased salinity due to encroachment of the sea and saltwater intrusion into freshwater lenses,contributing to an increasing shortage of water supply and loss of agriculture land.The most vulnerable section will be the poor and marginal farmers with small landholdings because ‘extreme weather events’will specially occur in tropics,fundamental changes in rainfall pattern together with rising temperature will shorten growing season and reduce crop productivity . Acco.to World Bank 75% of 1.2 billion people are trapped in extreme poverty,so they will fail to adopt new rotation practices and thus most vulnerable to climate change. World wide farming is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions accouting for 20% of total emissions.Atmospheric concentration of methane has more than doubled during the past 200 years.Natural wetlands,fossil fuels related to natural gas,coal mines coal industry,electric fermentation,rice fields,biomass burning,landfills accont for 75% of methane production in our environment. thus major source of greenhouse gases is agriculture itself. Rice fields are the most significant contributors of atmospheric methane accounting for 11-13% of the world’s total methane production. Also, rice production will need to expand by around 70% over the next 25 years to meet the demands of fast growing human population whose food demand is expected to double in developing world in next 40 years. Thus if we increase our crop area specially staple crop area in near future then the problem of global warming is likely to increase. Already in today’s era 800 million people are unnourished, in India only 30 million people suffer hunger,46% children are underweight and 17000 people are dying per day due to hunger on an average. Thus in near future we are going to face a great threat not only of climate change but also of food security†¦. However, Not all effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, most of the major food crops are C-3 plants including staple food like rice ,wheat, oat, barley will show increase in yield ranging from 25% to 64% due to increased CO2 level, also most of the noxious weed are C4 plants and their growth will be checked. But this is only one side of the coin ,increased temperature due to increase in CO2 level may rise the pest attack up to 25% and fungal disease attack up to 20% and also disturb our monsoon pattern.In an overview it can be said that it will create more and new problem rather than benefits because the worst sufferers would be farmers of Rainfed agriculture which cover 60% of all cultivable lands. Today humanbeings have become dependent on technologies which are dependent on non -renewable resources and produce illeffects in long run.nowdays we say that glaciers are shrinking;may be shrinking but more that the heart of the people and their philosophy is shrinking too.while the drastic effects of global warming has been discussed in many scientific circles,had their run on T.V. and even had well meaning Hollywood films but the need of the hour is to change ourselves,to reduce our luxurious wants. The need of the hour is to develop a) True sustainability,there should be synergies between climate mitigation strategies and development policies in areas of energy efficiency,fuel substitution,renewable ,afforestration,and land and waste management. b) The planning should not be for temporary economic gains and support,but for sustainability in future as well.There should be partnerships with communities,individuals,and private sector to frame effective measures to reduce the impact the effect of climate change. Today we all peoples of the world need to change our habbits ,not only in Agricultural practices but also in our daily life practicices†¦ Switching of fans and light before leaving room ,efficient use of water at home , proper garbage disposal at micro level, though seems to be a very minute step but the huge building of true sustainability will only form above these basic steps because this will be the 1st step against our greed, so step ahead and realize your own responsibility ,because it is not the time to curse the darkness but to light a small lamp. References: 1. â€Å"Know climate change† by Tanya Agarwal 2. â€Å"Global climate change† by Arnold J.Bloom 3. Science Reporter (CSIR) 4. IPCC website

Stalin- an Evil Dictator?

Stalin: Man or Monster 1. Source A shows Stalin as a man intent on destroying the prosperity of Russia and destroying its people. In contrast, source B is showing the opposite. Source A shows Stalin proudly presenting ‘the USSR’s pyramids’ made of the skulls of the people. He has a big grin on his face. Meanwhile, source B shows Stalin talking with the workers at a new power station. He is presented as wanting to connect with this people and caring by how he is taking with what is regarded as the lower-class when he is regarded as the most important person in Russia.Source C presents Stalin as the spirit of Russia and the symbol of power of Russia by how he is very large in comparison to everything around him which emphasises his power and strength as does the huge army around him. In comparison, source A shows Stalin as the symbol of the destruction of Russia because of the large quantities of human skulls with Stalin presenting them with a smile show how he is p lanning to destroy Russia which is the exact antithesis of source C. Source B and source C both show Stalin as pro the development of Russia.Source B shows Stalin in front of a brand new power station which shows that he is industrious and looking out for the people of Russia by improving their lives. Source C also shows Stalin leading the Russians to victory in the war and he is the subject of the poster which directly links him to all Russian success and power. Both of these sources put Stalin in a positive light. 2. Source D presents Stalin as a caring and brave man who is the only man in a position of power who cares for others because he talks about how he saved a man from drowning when others did not care.Although Stalin wrote it and therefore it is probably not factual but just propaganda, it still is useful as it says a lot about him. If this was made public then it can be argued that Source D was used as propaganda in order to win the hearts of the people after the war. It was written in 1945 so just after the war and the last sentence indicates that it was possibly used to get people on his side. Stalin says that ‘it seemed to me that the lack of concern our leaders show towards the people is the same as I met in far-off Asia’.The fact that he uses the word ‘our’ in relation to the leaders indicates that he was distancing the himself from the mistakes made and trying to say that he is just like anyone else. Also the reference to ‘Asia’ indicates he is trying be one of the soldiers as he had fought for Russia and that he is trying to sympathise with them after many millions of Russians died. However this last sentence could also be Stalin apologising for his mistakes with The Great Purges when 18 million people were sent to labour camps called Gulags of which 10 million died.This seriously weakened the USSR as many able people were taken away. Also he is trying to claim that he is very caring by using the story a bout a comrade being left behind in the floods. He says that ‘when asked where he was, they (other comrades) replied with no interest that he remained at the river’. This shows Stalin attempting to present himself as the only caring person in a position of power. This gives further evidence that Stalin believed he was a very caring person and good leader which can be argued as very arrogant as he never really showed this to his people when he was in power.In conclusion, Source D, although it is unlikely that it is true, says a lot of useful things about Stalin and what he was believed. It shows him as very arrogant as he may be trying to distance himself from the mistakes of his regime and also because he thinks he is caring when from historical evidence he was not. Also, if it was published which seems almost certain, it shows that he was a determined man as he tried to make sure his position was safe by using a propaganda story which is probably not true. 3. Both Sour ce E and Source F are written by people with very different views of Stalin.In Source E’s information it says it was published in ‘Pravda, the newspaper of the Communist Party’ whilst in Source F it says it was written by a man called Bukharin who ‘was a victim of Stalin’s purges’. This means that both are likely to subjective as the writer of Source F is anti-Stalin whilst Source E is pro-Stalin therefore not very reliable . Having said this, Bukharin’s view of Stalin is more likely to be correct as he was taken advantage of when Stalin was a candidate for Lenin’s position. Stalin took Bukharin’s side in the debate on the NEP in order to get rid of his main threat-Trotsky.Once he achieved this he used Trotsky’s argument to oppose Bukharin. This there for means that Bukharin has seen, firsthand, what Stalin’s actual character is. Source E presents Stalin as a very caring leader and an ‘inspired leaderâ €™. However, Source F presents him as the antithesis of this and a ‘devil’. Again based on historical fact, Source F is more likely to be accurate as history shows that Stalin was an evil man. For example the purges when 10 million people died. Source F is also very accurate in its description of Stalin’s feelings to others who are better than him. It says that ‘if someone speaks better than he does†¦Stalin will not let him live’. This is very accurate as Kirov, who got more applause than Stalin at the Seventeenth Party Congress, was murdered. There was a lot of talk of removing Stalin as leader, and Kirov seemed to be emerging as a popular alternative. Stalin is believed to have him murdered and also he sent many other leading communists to labour camps because he felt they were a threat. However Source F does have its limitations because it does not cover all aspects of Stalin’s personality because he was actually a very successful leader. And this is where source E has reliable information even if it is slightly exaggerated.Stalin got the Russian industry at its peak and his Five-year Plans, although they had disadvantages, were very successful. Pig iron production in 1927 was 3. 3 million tons but after the second Five-Year Plan in 1937 in was 14. 5 million tons. In the same time coal production went from 35. 4 million tons to 128 million tons. This shows that Stalin was actually very successful and this is reflected in some people’s opinion he was regarded as the greatest Russian leader to date. Source E agrees with this opinion as it says ‘generations to come will regard us as the happiest of people because we lived in the same century as Stalin’.This is actually very reliable as many people did believe he was a great leader and in terms of statistics he successfully industrialised Russia. Source E also talks about his ‘strength’ as a leader. This is also very accurate info rmation as his army were the ones who drove the Germans back into Berlin and finished off the war. In conclusion, based on reliability Source F is the more reliable as it shows the negative side of Stalin which is contextually correct as he shows it in his actions towards Kirov and other leading communists who some had said should be leader instead of him.Having said this, Source F portrays Stalin as only pure evil when he did do some positive things. This is where Source E has some reliable information as it talks about Stalin’s strengths even if the source is a bit melodramatic about it. 4. A leader of a country can be a strong and great leader and a monstrous tyrant. Stalin was a man who people had different views on and many felt feel into this category. Although he modernised Russian agriculture and successfully industrialised Russia he was also responsible for the death of millions of innocent Russians. Source B presents all that was good about Stalin in his rule.Its sh ows Stalin in front of a new power station talking with his happy workers. It presents him as industrious and caring for his workers. This is supported by historical evidence. He had many new flats buildings built for the working-class and from 1927-1937 electricity production went from 5. 05 thousand million kilowatt hours to 36. 2 thousand million kilowatt hours. This shows how he improved life in Russia. Having said this, historian SJ Lee said ‘there is evidence that he [Stalin] exaggerated Russia’s industrial deficiency in 1929’ and that the foundation of industrialisation were already there making his job easy.This could be factually correct as the Tsar had started industrialising Russia way back in 1905. Despite this Source B still presents Stalin as a very good leader and a caring man. Source C presents Stalin as the most important man in Russia and the leader of the Russian army as in the picture he is bigger than the whole army. This presents in a positi ve manner a not a monstrous tyrant but more of a militaristic leader. This is backed by the fact that when he was in power Russian won World War 2 for the allies with the final push into Berlin.The writing in the source is translated as ‘using the spirit of Stalin our army and country are faithful and strong’. This is very true as in the time of Stalin Russia were the biggest threat to the USA as the biggest power in the world. He also did become regarded as the symbol of Russian might by everyone. In 1925 the city of Volgograd was renamed Stalingrad to recognise Stalin’s role in its defence from the Whites in 1918-20. This source shows Stalin as a very powerful leader and the spirit of Russia and not a monstrous tyrant at all.Source E emphatically praises Stalin as ‘inspired’ and tells everyone that they were ‘the happiest of people because we lived in the same century as Stalin’. And this is not entirely rubbish. Although at points in his rule the Russian people were miserably as 18 million of them were in Gulags, for a lot of his rule only good things happened to Russia. Industry improved rapidly and Russia won a war in his time. Many regarded him as the greatest leader in Russia’s history. However it was written by a writer in the congress of soviets and therefore was closely linked to Stalin.This makes it likely that he wrote this speech in order to appease Stalin and get in his good books. This source portrays Stalin as a great man and leader who was the best leader Russia had had. It shows him as the antithesis of a monstrous tyrant. Source H talks only about the side of Stalin which was actually true: that he was a good leader and had an ‘iron will’. Of this there is no doubt as he did what he wanted. He was indeed a good leader and was always clear with his decisions as the source. However this source is certainly going to be pro-Stalin as it was written in Russia in his rule and was hi s biography.This shows that it therefore would not talk about the other side of his personality which was arguably a monstrous tyrant. However despite this, what source H is saying is not just lies and is based on truth. This source indicates that he is not a monstrous tyrant but a respected leader which is not wrong. Source D dissociates Stalin from the mistakes of the leaders in the war and also dissociates him from the great purges when millions of Russians died. It is also presenting him as one of the people by how it says ‘our leaders’.The use of the possessive adjective ‘our’ shows him not only distancing himself from the past mistakes in his rule but trying to connect with the people. Source D also shows him as a caring man as he looked out for his one missing comrade in the story. This source is not however really backed by historical evidence as he was not one for caring for individuals and in fact he was the one who on his own started the Great Pu rges and sent many to gulags. Also the fact that it was written by Stalin himself indicates that the story is almost certainly made up and only propaganda.However, taking the source for what it is, it shows that Stalin was a very caring man who was one the people. In actual fact he was quite the opposite. Source I is probably the fairest judgement of Stalin and his time in power. It separates Stalin’s great ability as a leader from his evil personality. The fact that it was published in Britain and in 1983 means that it is unlikely to have any reason to be pro or anti-Stalin. This source describes him as a ‘very skilled, indeed gifted politician’. This is a true statement as he very cleverly manipulated people and Trotsky’s underestimation of him to become leader over Trotsky.This shows a very good political mind and intelligence to outwit even the best politicians. Source I then concludes that Stalin was a not a good man and that ‘he had a dark and evil side to his nature’. This is also very true as he had many sent to Gulags in order that he would look powerful. Of the 18 million people sent to Gulags 10 million died. And he never officially conceded that he made a mistake and never said he regretted it. This shows a very sinister side to him which Source I correctly points out. Also he was evil in the way that he got rid of many artists and virtually destroyed the right to express freewill in Russia.This can only be the work of someone who is soulless and evil. In conclusion, although this source looks at Stalin’s positives, it still portrays him as a monstrous tyrant. Source A dwells on the negatives of Stalin’s rule. The ‘pyramids’ of skulls is a reference to the Great Purges when 18 million Russians were sent to Gulags of which 10 million died. This source also seems to show that Stalin does not care and in fact is very proud of his work. This is actually not complete rubbish as Stalin ne ver did publicly apologise or even say he regretted it.However, the fact it was published in Paris indicates that it may be a bit anti-communism as France was a country which did not embrace communism at all. Although we do not know when in the 1930s it was published- before, after or during the Purges- it is a very accurate source as many died due to Stalin’s policies. This source indicates that Stalin was a monstrous Tyrant. Source J literally describes Stalin as a ‘monstrous tyrant’. However, as oppose to saying he was a good politician but also a malevolent human being, it suggests that was corrupted by ‘absolute power’ which ‘turned a ruthless politician into a monstrous tyrant’.This gives another idea about Stalin’s personality. There was no doubt that he was a ruthless politician. For example, after using Bukharin’s argument to defeat Trotsky, he then turned it round on Bukharin and used that argument to disgrace him . However after Stalin’s decisions do not really show politics in them but more him being paranoid about his position and therefore doing acts of hostility. For instance, his decision to start ‘purging’ Russia of all people he thought were a threat to the state ( or a threat to his position†¦ ) did not show clever politics but more panic leading to monstrous acts.This source present Stalin as a man who may of been great politician in the past but then this ability of his turned into shear malicious tyranny. Source F concentrates on the dark side of Stalin’s personality. It says that ‘if someone speaks better than he does†¦ Stalin will not let him live’. This is debatably a very accurate description of Stalin as he was rumoured to have had Kirov, a communist who became very popular and some people thought should replace Stalin at the time, was murdered and many believe that Stalin was behind the murder.Stalin also sent many loyal Bols heviks to Gulags in the infamous ‘show trials’ for being traitors of the state. Although these people confessed, Stalin most probably forced them to confess by threatening them with death and the death of their families. He did this because he was scared they would take away his power. Having said this, this source is likely to be subjective as Bukharin, the writer of the source, was disgraced by Stalin in 1929. Also it is a very one-sided source as it says that Stalin was pure evil when he did do good things for Russia.To conclude, although it is slightly opinionated, Source F gives a fairly accurate account of what was wrong with Stalin and displaces him as malicious and as the devil. Source G points the finger at Stalin by accusing him of using ‘terror’ to defend communism. However, this source is almost certainly prejudiced against Stalin as Khrushchev, who said source G and became leader after Stalin, would have been trying to distance himself from the worst parts of Stalin’s rule by condemning him. Although, Source G does have some correct ideas as it says that Stalin was a ‘distrustful man’.This is an accurate description of Stalin as he had many sent to Gulags because he thought they were plotting against him. He also acted very suspiciously at the Potsdam Conference in August 1945 when in February that year at the Yalta conference he had been very united with the other allies. At Potsdam Conference he disagreed with the other allies about what to do with Germany, about reparations and over soviet policy in Eastern Europe, where Russian troops dominated. Truman, the USA president at the time, became suspicious of Stalin and his intentions, as did Stalin.This distrusted lead to the Iron curtain and the cold war. To conclude, Although Khrushchev was not likely to have praised Stalin in this situation, Source G is a very accurate description of Stalin and portrays him as untrustworthy character and malicious t yrant. In conclusion, the sources do not give a conclusive idea to whether he is a monstrous tyrant or not because five of them are anti-Stalin and 5 pro-Stalin. However, based on the fact that many of the Pro-Stalin Sources are either written by Stalin or as propaganda, the ources show that he more of monstrous tyrant. Also the sources which focus on his industrious nature and his successes in improving industry do not take into account how many people died in this process and that Russia’s industry had been improving a lot for the twenty years before Stalin came to power. In essence his job on that was made easy and some historians argue that this process would have happened just as successfully with any leader. A leader can be great at being a politician and be industrious yet still be a monstrous.My personal opinion is just that, that he was a great leader and politician however a very evil man and therefore a monstrous tyrant. Source I sums up Stalin as a person. It says Stalin is ‘very skilled, indeed gifted politician and one of the greatest political figures of the twentieth century’ however it also says ‘he had a dark and evil side to his nature’. This summarises perfectly Stalin’s life: he was a great leader of a country however he was still a very evil man and a monstrous tyrant.