Legalizing Drug Use Essay example -- Philosophy, Marx, Mill, Locke

The contentions that I have recently spread out are not great and they have some obvious defects that a few logicians would emphatically differ with, while there are different contentions that a portion of the incredible scholars would concur with. I will scrutinize the contentions that I have recently spread out utilizing the point of view of three distinct rationalists who all have their own thoughts of how the state should work and the job of the resident. The three logicians that I will use in this study will be Karl Marx, John Stewart Mill, and John Locke. The motivation behind why I picked these three rationalists is on the grounds that they all concur with certain parts of my composition, while contradicting others. One will differ with the job of the state and the residents, yet concur with authorizing recreational medication use, while the other two will concur with the job of the state and residents, yet can't help contradicting legitimizing drug use. Karl Marx is the savant who might differ with huge numbers of the contentions that I introduced previously. The motivation behind why Marx would differ with such a large number of my contentions is on the grounds that he is a solid adherent of the state being accountable for society and having unlimited oversight over the residents. In the general public that I made, it is to a great extent a free society where the individuals are accountable for their activities and the administration has a constrained job in the every day exchanges that are happening between residents. Marx would accept that in my general public where there are diverse social classes, these classes would consistently be in a fight with each other and will abuse the lower class so they can make a greater benefit. In my general public where the political economy is free enterprise, there will be a wide assortment of earnings. A few residents will have more smarts, other... ...vious savants have indicated that there are some minor investigates on my hypothesis; anyway the general speculations and standards are commonly acknowledged and advanced in the compositions of Marx, Mill, and Locke. Marx was the one in particular who might concur with the authorization of recreational medication use, while Mill and Locke would not have been supportive of it due to the damage it would almost certainly cause to others who might be included by the utilization of these medications. Concerning the capacity of the state, Mill and Locke would have concurred with my composing on the grounds that the state is restricted and the residents are allowed to do as they wish as long as they don't meddle with different residents rights. Marx would not have concurred with this since his way of thinking of the state is socialism. The three of these thinkers all concurred on specific viewpoints and differ on different parts of my composition.

Racial Injustices and the Cost of Civil War The African American Perspective

Presentation The American Civil War keeps on connecting with students of history and standard pundits the same, as they try to comprehend the genuine importance and embodiment of bondage, race, and savagery that portray the nation’s history. While much has been expounded on the particular fights and the officials in question, less is thought about the job of African American troopers who waged war to free themselves, their families, and their individual slaves from the ensnarement of servitude (Roberts 1455).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Racial Injustices and the Cost of Civil War: The African American Perspective explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arguably, less is likewise thought about the value the subjugated individuals needed to pay in the accomplishment of opportunity through fighting instead of peacetime forms, and furthermore how racial shameful acts propagated by whites during the Civil War and Reconstruction time swelled the cost paid by individuals of African parentage (Schwalm 21). Attributable to the way that scholarly enthusiasm for the Civil War has developed significantly as of late, it is of colossal significance to investigate the racial shameful acts and the expense of Civil War from the African American viewpoint, with the view to dispersing the usually held recognition by war history specialists that oppressed individuals were the recipients of this war, as opposed to casualties. Contextualizing the Issue Soon after the emission of the Civil War, pioneers of dark networks and notable white abolitionists in the North demanded that blacks be allowed to enroll in the Union Army and seek after war instead of peacetime forms, with the view to making ready towards the fulfillment of liberation for slaves and improved rights for blacks. As the Northern white-overwhelmed officers advanced into the prior to the war South, a huge number of slaves ran away to the locales directed by the Union Army, profiting the Union with a forthcoming pool of military assets and capacity (Lee 429-430). Accessible writing shows that â€Å"over the course of the war, approximately 400,000 to 500,000 of the South’s 4 million subjugated individuals fled their lords to move toward the Union armed force or Union lines† (Schwalm 22). A history researcher states that African Americans, most remarkably Frederick Douglas, mentioned for assent with the goal that their kin could battle from the primary days of the Civil War (DeRoche 32). The central government as a rule and the War Department specifically were badly arranged to manage the flood of dark men, ladies and kids who best in class toward Union soldiers, resistances, fringe urban areas and other Union-involved regions of the South, in enormous part in light of the fact that the underlying guidelines for the Union armed force from President Lincoln was to take part in the war while leaving subjection in one piece.Advertising Looki ng for article on african american? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is obvious from the explored war grant that white regular citizens and troopers the same were shocked by the sheer assurance of the subjugated individuals to accomplish their autonomy and to help a war on servitude, consequently permitted many dark fighters to enroll in the war however their avocations for doing so were frequently significantly molded by the bigot belief systems of the mid-nineteenth century and an assumption to comprehend what might best serve the previous slaves (Schwalm 22). It is reported that â€Å"the energy of African American men (free and oppressed) to battle as fighters for the benefit of the Union reason, and the army’s requirement for developing number of selections, finished in the enrollment of near 200,000 African Americans, 75% of them simply out of slavery† (Schwalm 23). While such kinds of selections stren gthened the Union’s devotion to liberation and offered a guarantee of citizenship, it very well may be dynamically contended that this freshly discovered â€Å"freedom† would cost a huge number of dark lives and settle in racial treacheries significantly further, as showed in ensuing areas. Wartime Emancipation and Misconception of Freedom Available war writing shows that wartime liberation was an immediate outcome of two interrelated turns of events, to be specific â€Å"the slow breakdown of southern subjection under the intensifying conditions made by the Confederate war exertion and Union attack, and [†¦] the demolition of bondage through the activities of oppressed individuals and the hesitant, random advancement of government and military arrangement towards emancipation† (Schwalm 21). In spite of the fact that oppressed individuals in the South needed to concoct creative approaches to persevere through the two turns of events if they somehow happened to accomplish and make the most of their opportunity, many didn't when the war at last reached a conclusion for the basic explanation that the majority of the warriors supported liberation for military defenses however not for racial or social correspondence (DeRoche 24). For example, most Maine warriors upheld liberation for the destinations that it would help Southern whites monetarily, spare the Union and improve Southern whites’ ethical quality, instead of as a way to start racial equity (DeRoche 30). In any case, as saw by crafted by Frederick Douglass and other previous slaves and abolitionists, liberation was fuelled by the guarantee of opportunity and trust in social change. It was these precepts that saw Douglass ask African American men to completely bolster the Civil War, with the view to breaking the obligations of bondage (Moore Neal 4).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Racial Injustices and the Cost of Civil War: The African American Persp ective explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Available wartime grant shows that â€Å"during the Civil War a great many African Americans picked up opportunity †some with the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the rest with the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865† (DeRoche 24). This specific creator contends that while African American warriors assumed a basic job in bringing opportunity, the most instrumental factor in halting the subjection was the white-ruled Northern armed forces. Different researchers contend that the Union and its white-commanded armed forces were not dedicated to closure subjection; rather, it was the war that inexorably debilitated the ‘peculiar’ organization of the subjugated individuals to a point where they turned out to be effectively resolved to get away from its grip in spite of the primary ills tormenting them, including sickness and ailing health (Schwalm 22). In general, in any case, while plainly servitude inev itably fallen under the heavyweight of the continuous Civil War, researchers have practiced alert in intimating that African Americans had the option to accomplish the degree of opportunity they so much wanted. Analyzing the Racial Injustices It is reported in the writing that â€Å"most troopers saw African Americans as impossible to miss, best case scenario, and many considered them inferior† (DeRoche 25). It is clear that perspectives of regard and worry for African Americans were very exceptional among the Whites, and just a couple of troopers entered the military with enduring conviction that African Americans were equivalent people. In the battlefront, â€Å"white officers acknowledged African Americans commitment to the reason as warriors yet were not prepared to regard them as equivalent people† (DeRoche 33). This inclination maybe clarifies why African Americans were denied casting a ballot rights following the Civil War much after dark fighters essentially su pported the reason for sparing the Union. Without a doubt, accessible grant shows that albeit African Americans made dependable troopers during the Civil War, they endured separation arranged misfortunes that identified with pay, dress remittances, and weaponry (Moore Neal 4). Accessible grant shows how the Confederates apparent the commitment of African American warriors with scorn to such a level, that they felt ethically and profoundly acquitted from any obligation to treat dark soldiers and their for the most part abolitionist white officials as fair rivals on the war front.Advertising Searching for article on african american? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More To be sure, one specific documentation depicts the racial picture in its correct setting by guaranteeing that the Confederates were exceptionally enthused about eliminating defiant slaves and white abolitionist advocators as a notice to different blacks and furthermore to keep set up a social and monetary framework grounded on racial subjection (Urwin 210). Supremacist strategies on dark fighters proceeded on the war front. Contrasted with white warriors in transcendently white armed force regiments, exceedingly hardly any dark fighters in prevalently dark regiments approached â€Å"a full or qualified list of clinical officials, and specialists joined to dark regiments as often as possible treated their patients brutally and now and then cruelly† (Schwalm 23). This creator further recognizes that while white nursing experts could chip in for administration with white regiments, most couldn't do likewise for dark officers in dominatingly dark regiments, and the dark ladies who might have eagerly thought about their dark partners were essentially compelled to low-status employments as laundresses and cooks. Dark troopers were bound to be served by lacking emergency clinic offices and were likewise unmistakably bound to be doled out exhaustion obligation (Schwalm 23). In any case, notwithstanding all these racial biases and other operational mishaps, for example, absence of preparing and insufficient arms, dark men battled as gallantly as white troopers to ensure their opportunity (Roberts 1457). The issue of racial lynching during and after the Civil War has gotten across the board consideration in the writing. The lynching of African Americans was a tragedy which asks to be addres

The 7 Most Disastrous Mistakes in a Job Reference List

The 7 Most Disastrous Mistakes in a Job Reference List A reference list could make or break your career.Imagine you are at the end stages of a long interview for your dream job. You feel the interview is going great but a drop of sweat making its way through your forehead betrays your confidence. You want that job so bad!And then you hear that line:‘Alright everything looks great… Hey, do you have a reference list I can check to get a better idea of your work’s history?’STOP!What you do next is crucial. Think about it well.THE PURPOSE OF A REFERENCE LISTGoing through a reference list is your new employer’s chance to have a look at your profile objectively.They want to compare their opinion of you (that they formed only after several meetings) with the opinion of people who worked with you for years.They know your achievements, your work ethic, character, your loyalty, your values, your results and your attitude.What is a reference list?A reference list is a list of contacts comprised from people you have worked with, or worked for.For each party you must include:NamePositionWorkplaceAddressPhone numberEmailWhat are some pro tips to construct a reference list?Ideally you can also include:LinkedIn profile URLThe time period and workplace where you worked togetherA small text which will tell your future employer why you have provided this contact. For example:Even though I have worked for Mrs. Green in the early stages of my career and did not have the same skills back then that I do now, she can vouch for my impeccable work ethic and my conflict resolution skills.I worked with John Brown at Technologica NYC back In 2010 on a project where we negotiated down the prices with our main suppliers. Over the course of two years we saved the company more than $50 000.I worked for Jessica Blue as a freelancer on a marketing campaign to boost up the sales of her local business. She can confirm that for the short period of three months her sales went up by 40%.How many contacts should I provide?For an entry level posi tion you can provide 3-5 contacts, whereas for a more senior position, you will need 5-8 contacts.Why do you really need a reference list?Your future employer will ask you for a reference list for three main purposes.Purpose #1: They want to know if you lied on your CV about experience.Purpose #2: They want to know more about your raw skills and results.Purpose #3: They want to know more about your attitude.When do you need a reference list?Normally you will be asked for a reference list at the end of a successful interview. It is basically the last step before you get a job offer. It is a good idea to have a sheet of paper prepared, but you can also provide it digitally, after the interview. Just don’t be too late!Some employers ask for a reference list at the very beginning, together with your application, motivation letter and CV.However, do not include it readily available in your resume. 66% of employers prefer 1-page resume for entry level positions. For more senior level po sitions that is not the rule, however the volume is expected to come from job and skill descriptions.Some employers will never ask you for anyone’s contacts, however, you are giving yourself the best chance if you come prepared. Make sure you have your paper, and tailor it to the specific employer you are applying for.Don Georgevich will tell you in this video how your reference list should look to match your resume: THE DIRE CONSEQUENCES OF A BAD REFERENCE LISTJeff Shane, the founder Allison Taylor Inc., among many, confesses he receives bad references for job candidates too often. About 50% of the contacts he is exploring do not speak favorably of the candidates.When an employer has limited down the applicants for a job position to two or three, and they receive bad feedback they cannot afford to give the candidates the chance to explain themselves.The stakes are too high. The wrong people do get hired often, and it costs the employer time and money if they are lucky. The highe r the position, the bigger the risks. The company’s reputation could be on the line.It’s a no go.It is almost ironic how people focus so much on building their CV, being charming but strong on their interview, and then it could be all done away with one call to the wrong person.THE 7 WORST PEOPLE TO INCLUDE IN YOUR REFERENCE LIST1. Your ‘boss’It is a common mistake especially among young people, who are taking their first career steps, to trust official titles a little bit too much.Your ‘boss’ is not always the best person to vouch for your skills, your talents or your character.Do not include the person who was supposed to follow up on your work â€" you need the person who actually did. Even your official supervisor might not be the one you reported to.Especially in smaller businesses, a hierarchy could be messy. Provide the contact of the person who actually worked close with you and who knows the value of your work.If asked for a reference your ‘boss’ will…… n ot be engaged in the conversation because they do not know you… sound unconvincing because they do not know your work wellIf asked for a reference the real person you reported to will…… accent on your greatest talents… be able to talk numbers when asked about results… speak convincingly about your work ethic… can answer follow-up questions… will be engaged and would want to contribute to your future wellbeingYou are allowed an exception if… your ‘boss’ is engaged in your work and has the history of helping young talented people from his team continue on their path by providing A-class references.2. Parents or relativesIf you worked in a family business you might be tempted to include a family member as your contact.Don’t do it:No one needs that. It is pointless.The motivation for a person to be a dedicated worker in a family business is quite different from the motivation to pursue their career. It is more often to be there to try to earn a good living for your family than to be working to prove yourself as any sort of specialist.The career you are pursuing is most probably in a completely different field and your experience would be irrelevant.No one will take that seriouslyNo matter how sincerely a relative compliments your skills and how they splurge about your achievements, they will be perceived more as a ‘proud mom’ than as a satisfied employer.The closer the family member, the worse the idea. Add your mom’s phone number and you will be the laughing stock of the day.Some will wonder why you had to do itThe hiring manager may think you lack real references.The hiring manager may think you are trying to balance possible bad feedback from other contacts.We have to say adding friends as make-believe employers is a disaster. CEO of Sewell Development Corp., Preston Wiley, comments it is easy to uncover any such false information and it is more common than most people think.You are allowed an exception if… your relative is really business savvy and can talk objectively about your work. The bigger the family business, the safer you are. In all cases, make sure you provide a disclaimer to the hiring manager and tell them there is a point to your decision to add a family member to your list.3. Your first employerMore often than not the feedback from your first employer will be irrelevant.Are you the same person as you were back then? If you were younger you had a different attitude, different values and different priorities. If you were working while studying you might have been there for the experience. Now that you have a family to feed and spend time with, your approach will have changed.Were you working in the same industry? Your first job was probably a job in the service industry, or an entry-level job at best. Waiting tables is a perfectly respectable thing to do, but it will not be interesting experience for a hiring manager in the IT field.Were you doing the same job? Alright, even if you worked in the same job, you probably did not have the same responsibilities as you do now. You needed a completely different set of skills to perform there and this is what you showed. Your contact will not be able to comment on the skills you need to prove you have now.You are allowed an exception if… you answered ‘Yes’ to all three questions above. If you feel like your perspective has not changed too much and if you feel strongly your experience is relevant, go for it.4. Someone who fired youIt is a common misconception that you have to provide a contact for all positions you have worked in.You don’t.You might be trying to justify referencing someone who fired you like so:‘My future employer will want to know about my best and worst moments.’‘The hiring manager will feel like I am hiding things’Bad. Idea.What to do instead:If it comes up, you can address it on the interview. Say that you wanted to give yourself your best chance to get this job because you really want it. You s tand by your behavior on that position and you feel sad it ended badly. But you would find it unfair if that one situation stood between you and your new dream job.It is a logic every hiring manager should understand. If they don’t, maybe you are better off. You need to work with people who show understanding and common sense towards their employees.if it doesn’t come up, keep it on the down low.You are allowed an exception if… your hiring manager asked for a complete list of contacts from every workplace on your CV. Still feel free to provide a disclaimer, as it is explained in the intro. Tell the hiring manager what this contact will give them as information. Try to steer the conversation in your favor â€" recommend they ask the contact for undeniable successes of yours on that position. That will soften the blow and keep the conversation objective.5. The one who never gave you that promotionThis is a tricky one to detect. It would probably be more relevant for you if you ar e applying for a senior position.When you are at that level chances are you probably have stacked a few corporate jobs in your CV with a heavy organizational structure and strict rules.It is not uncommon that you felt stuck there with little chance of promotion or internal mobility.You had that direct manager that loved your work so much and yet this information never got to the upper levels. You had your suspicions about them taking credit for your achievements.But they were most definitely holding you back. You are probably not paranoid about this. There is a high chance they don’t want you to surpass them. They want to keep you down, because you are threatening their ego.They will not happily recommend your work. They will be dismissive and detrimental to your achievements.Such a conversation could be very toxic to your next career steps.You are allowed an exception if… you have had the chance to address the situation and your concerns on the interview. Still, you are taking a great risk because this person will probably sound very convincing â€" remember they successfully held you back once. The risk is twice as high here because the concern is mostly applicable to high level senior positions.6. Anyone who will not sound convincingPut yourself in the shoes of a hiring manager. You would be contacting strangers with a request for information. And while you want to keep an open mind, you have your suspicions.The stranger would be what stands between a motivated job candidate and their desired job. You will be giving that stranger a lot of power.That explains the phenomenon that bad feedback is accepted as more sincere. A dishonest person would prefer to please a friend and say nice things about them.Good feedback would raise some suspicions if it is not backed up by facts. After all an embellished skill set is the most common lie they catch applicants in.The point is you should never put that power in the hands of someone who would not sound convincing:A nyone who has difficulties expressing themselves. They have always been a little socially awkward and even if they have the best intentions, they will not be your best bet.Anyone who is too busy. Your boss from two years ago is a great person and you did so much for them and kept them happy. But they never had more than 2 minutes for a conversation? Not a good choice. Scratch that name.Anyone who is not qualified to speak about your work. That customer for whom you created a brilliant logo â€" will they be able to say more than just that they were ‘very happy with it’?Your contact has to know how to recommend your work â€" the happiest team lead can be damaging to your rep if they get flustered or distracted and say the wrong thing.Regardless of how much you worked for a customer, even if it is your best work, if they are not convinced of the result, they have no place on your reference list.You are allowed an exception if… you have provided the hiring manager with an indicati on what questions they should ask that contact. Even the most difficult to understand person can answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions, for example. Provide the facts in advance and leave the contact the confirmation.7. Just anyoneUnderstand this correctly: You ARE allowed to put people different from your boss, your team lead or your direct manager on the list.It could be your:Colleague.CustomerAcademic advisor.Business partner.Long-term employee.Of course there are conditions:You have to have had a significant impact on their work and/or life. For a short term relationship, you better have numbers they can confirm. For a long term relationship, their opinion will be important to vouch for you being consistent.They have to be available. Don’t ask a busy boss, a new mom, or someone who left the country to be your contact. They will not be able to provide quality feedback for your case.They have to be relevant to your new career step. Your academic advisor will only be relevant if you are applying for a job where your scientific background would come in handy. Your long-term employee will be important to talk to if you are applying for a position where people managing skills are a requirement.You are allowed an exception if… you think about it long and hard and you can justify it. You are allowed to think out of the box if you have arguments to back your decision up. You cannot take impulsive decisions about your career.For more bad (and good) ideas watch this video, produced by Vice: THE WORST POSSIBLE MISTAKES IN A JOB REFERENCE LISTNeglect to warn your contactsAlways call to check in with someone if you are about to use them on your reference list. Be nice and respectful. They are doing you a favor.Show interest in how they are doing and promise to return the favor if you ever have the chance.Forget to update the contact infoSomeone changed their phone number or email?There is nothing worse than missing the opportunity to impress your future boss becaus e of a simple mistake like this.It looks bad.A) It looks like you are putting fake fillers in your reference list OR B) it looks like you are not doing your best to get the job from the very beginning.Neglect to diversify your referencesThis article has already given you a pretty good idea who not to include in your reference list.However, that does not mean you should only choose one type of contacts to add. A list of straight supervisors is boring. Ideally do add your relevant customers and colleagues.Neglect to personalize your reference listYour contacts MUST be relevant to the position you are applying for. Check your list before your important interview.Warn the contacts what you are applying for and what information they will be supposed to validate. Add relevant experience and achievements only.Provide too few contactsUnless you are in the very beginning of your career path, you should be able to provide a healthy amount of contacts that could vouch for your skills and chara cter.Again, for an entry level job, aim for 3-5 contacts. For a senior position give out 5-8 contacts.Provide too many contactsEach and every one of the entries in your list must be there for a reason. Do not drown the interviewer in information.You could not have more than 10 skills to prove and therefore not more than 10 people to talk to.Do not add people whose purpose is redundant. Make sure your best recommendations will come first on the list.Burn your bridgesSay thanks! If you get the job, get in touch with your contacts again.Get some info â€" what were they asked for, what did they say, how long did they talk for?Ask if you could use their contact in the future and if you could ever repay them.Neglect a failureLet’s say your interview went perfect. You said ‘Goodbye’ with a smile to the interviewer and you were supposed to wait for that job offer… and it never came. A week later you receive an email you are no longer considered.There is a possibility someone of your contacts dropped the ball on you. Investigate. And throw them out from your list. They are not beneficial for you. And you cannot afford for this situation to be repeated.CONCLUSIONA call to the right person can always put the odds in your favor:The hiring manager knows they cannot always be objective. Job candidates with impressive charisma may turn out to have poor performance or poor attitude towards the job. A contact from your reference list will be able to tell from experience.Make sure you take special care of your list. Build it with care and personalize it to your applications.Keep being friendly to your contacts. They owe you nothing. They are doing you a great favor. Be nice and repay it if you have the chance.A reference list has great power, but it cannot guarantee you landing the perfect job. As with everything else, when it comes to your career, you just need to make sure you are giving yourself the best chance. Because you deserve it.

The Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc ) - 3560 Words

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) is considered by many, particularly economists, to be the most disastrous financial crisis since the Great Depression back in the 1930s. It was the systematic collapse several large financial institutions based on Wall Street triggered by the housing bubble burst, followed by immense market value drop in the Dow Jones and the US dollar. This led to a massive financial bailout carried out by the US government, called the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, valued at up $700 billion dollars. This financial crisis, which occurred from 2007 to 2008 lead to the global recession, also known as the Great Recession which went on from 2008 to 2012. The effects or more specifically the financial effects that the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 were many, all of which will be discussed in this analysis later on. But more importantly, were the factors involved which contributed to this financial crisis. To understand the financial crisis and the main factors that contributed to it, one has to back to where it all began, Wall Street. Housing was considered to be a very integral financial asset in the American socio-economic standing. As in many other countries and the cultures within them, owning a house is seen to be a sign of financial stability. The economy of the United States pre-GFC as in good shape, facing strong economic growth. A strong economic growth, coupled with a steady inflation rate allowed for a rise in income forShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began in July 2007 in the United States (US) following the decline in the countries already poor credit ratings and the subsequent collapse of the US housing market and prominent investment bank Lehman Brothers which sent a wave of fear around global economies including Australia and resulted in the largest drop in global economic activity in the m odern era. (W. McKibbin, A.Stoeckel, 2009, pg 1). During the years before the crisis there was a significant increaseRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1761 Words   |  8 PagesFor me the Global Financial crisis (GFC) has been/is quite important because I remember the majority of what happened and is still going i.e. the aftermath of the GFC. However, I have never really looked at GFC from a study purpose point of view. Moreover, although I had followed the crisis in the news I had never really thought about the meaning of the financial terms like Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO), derivatives and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), just to name few. Therefore, itRead MoreThe Term Global Financial Crisis (Gfc) Refers To The Financial1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Global Financial Crisis (GFC) refers to the financial crisis of 2008-2009 that, according to leading economists, is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression (Eigner, 2015). The crisis began in 2007 due to a mortgage market failure in the U nited States and in the following year, with the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank, advanced into an international banking crisis, which then developed into a global economic crisis, The Great Recession (Williams, 2010). ThisRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis ( Gfc ) Affect On Coca Cola Company1477 Words   |  6 PagesHow Global Financial Crisis (GFC) affect on Coca-Cola Company and how the Coca-Cola Company used it to regulate that problem? The Coca-Cola organization is thought to be the world number one non-mixed refreshments organization, driving in assembling, advertising and circulation of its item. However, the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), influences all parts of the change procedure in the Coca-Cola company. The financial environment affects the way the materials are handled as well, going down to affectingRead MoreIs Fair Value Accounting Should Be Responsible For The Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )2425 Words   |  10 Pages Introduction There is ongoing criticism on whether fair value accounting should be responsible for the global financial crisis (GFC). By incorporating the views from different interest groups and their unique insights towards the occurrence of global financial crisis this case study itself will give a broader overview of the causes of global financial crisis. 2.0 What is Fair Value Accounting? Fair value accounting, also known as market to market accounting is issued by FASB 2006 based onRead MoreNarrative Interview : The Global Economic Climate During The 2008 Global Financial Crisis ( Gfc )1083 Words   |  5 Pagesfather, James Trainor as the ideal candidate to provide a comprehensive recount of the global economic climate during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). And how his experiences of economic fluctuations and policies during the GFC changed his perspectives and understandings of macroeconomic decisions, as well as their effects on the modern world. At the time of the Global Financial Crisis, James was the Global Head of Employment Tax for the Macquarie Group, one of Australia’s largest investmentRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen inRead MoreIs fundamental analysis redundant in the period straight after (2007 to2009) the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)?2755 Words   |  12 Pagesmethodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2.1 Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 2.2 Cash flow model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 2.3 Qualitative factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 2.4 Quantitative factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2.5 financial statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 3. Application †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.1 Dow Jones †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 3.2 Company- Berkshire Hathaway INC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............. 6 3.2.1 Total assets turnover ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Problem Of Global Financial Crisis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesreceivables and other financial assets are pooled together, with their cash flows or economic values redirected support payments on related securities.† â€Å"Securitization first emerged in the 1970s with the sale of securities backed by residential mortIn the 21st century, economic problems have incurred an increasing number of people s attention as the economic develop rapidly, and these problems are usually caused by human themselves. 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Health Of Health Information Technology - 994 Words

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In the 1950’s computers were being developed and brought to public attention but people were not thrilled about the idea of a machine that could potentially take their place of work by completing their jobs for them. By the 1960’s a variety of second generation computers were available to businesses, universities and the government. At this point in the early 1960’s patient care applications began to be included in select health care institutes computer systems. By the mid 1960’s computers were gaining more recognition and in 1965 Congress amended the SocialShow MoreRelatedHealth Information Technology1521 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Office of National coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) has funded this program to find breakthrough innovations in the field of Health Information Technology (IT). This research program was awarded $60 million and this program is divided into four focus areas. 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Micromax †The Indian consumer electronics MNC Free Essays

Micromax is a rather big name today – in fact, it is the largest Indian mobile phone company. It is interesting to note that it took birth as a software company called Micromax Informatics Limited in the year 2000 by a group of four friends. – Rajesh Agarwal, Sumeet Arora, Rahul Sharma and Vikas Jain. We will write a custom essay sample on Micromax – The Indian consumer electronics MNC or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2008, Micromax entered the mobile phone market and just about managed to get a foot hold, with a 0. 59% market share during the first half year of its existence. By the end of March 2010, its share was 6. 24%. Now it has 23 domestic offices across the country and international offices in Hong Kong, USA and Dubai. Presently, the company has about 1400 employees. It is one of the leading mobile phone manufacturer in India as well as in the world . According to industry analysts, as of 2012, Micromax leads the Indian tablet market with a share of 18. 4%, ahead of Samsung and Apple, and is the third largest mobile phone vendor in terms of volume. Also it is the 12th largest handset manufacturer in the world, according to global handset vendor market share report from strategy analytics. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Innovative products and features- Marathon battery mobile phones with a 30-day battery life, phone which is programmable as a universal remote control, gravity phones are some of the features which have increased the popularity of the product. Low cost of production – With its plants located in China, Micromax bears a low cost in production due to availability of labour at cheaper rates. Effective promotion campaigns- Micromax has been promoting its products through famous celebrities and has also had tie ups with MTV. Weaknesses: Weak brand image in urban areas- Micromax has still not been able to establish itself well in the urban market as its main concentration had been on the rural population. Perception of low-quality Chinese brand- Micromax has a manufacturing unit set up in china which has strengthened this perception among people. Opportunities: Increase penetration in urban market- Since Micromax has not yet entered this market; it has a very huge opportunity to establish itself in this market. Entry into international markets- Micromax has the potential to make its presence felt on global scale eventually as it establishes itself in the domestic market. Threats: Increasing competition from local and international players- With well-established players like Nokia, Samsung, etc. Micromax faces a tough competition from these players. Replication of business model by competitors- Micromax`s business model has been replicated by many new players which again pose a threat to Micromax. IPO offerings On July 28, 2011, Micromax withdrew its 4. 66 billion rupees (about $106 million) initial public offering (IPO) due to volatile market conditions. The withdrawal was recommended by its board in order to allow the company to focus on new product launches and product development. Micromax Informatics Limited has announced its foray into Maldivian telecom space through an exclusive partnership with Sense Wood Maldives (Pvt) Ltd. Objectives Objectives Present objectives: 1. Focus on urban market at large: On capturing major share of urban youth market, for next two years Micromax needs to focus on urban market at large like seiner citizens, physically handicapped etc. 2. Focus on smart phones as well as tablets: Micromax needs to continue focus on smart phones and launch more products and also it needs to focus on tablet market. For 2014: 1. To start new plant and reach market share of 20%: To increase market share, it is essential to increase production capacity. Micromax has plans to start a new plant in Tamil Nadu. With the help of this new plant, it will be able to reach a market share of 20%. 2. Focus on international markets: On making strong focus on rural market and urban market in India, Micromax needs to expand to international markets and enter into neighbouring Indian countries, south African countries etc. So we see that Micromax has established its place as a market leader in phones and tablets, not only in India but internationally as well. How to cite Micromax – The Indian consumer electronics MNC, Papers

Strategic Analysis Of The Shell Company Commerce Essay Example For Students

Strategic Analysis Of The Shell Company Commerce Essay Shell Group provides energy and petrochemical services across the universe. With its central offices in Hague, the Netherlands, and largest subordinate in the United States, its mission is to place its ego as a planetary leader in the oil and gas sector with a superior competitory advantage in footings of run intoing energy demand responsibly. Shell Group belongs to Royal Dutch Shell Plc, based in Wales and England ( Shell, 2010 ) . Its upstream scheme focuses on the geographic expedition of new natural militias of oil and gas and investment in undertakings to estimate technological and know-how value-added advantages. As for the downstream scheme, the company selects growing markets to put in and uses bing assets to get systematically high hard currency returns ( Shell, 2010 ) . Performance focal point, growing bringing and new undertaking plans organize its strategic model with strong precedence given to competitory public presentation, profitable growing and crisp bringing. The group operates in more than 90 states with over 100,000 employees and 44,000 service Stationss. Shell has the portion of 2 % in the planetary oil market and 3 % in the gas sector. In 2009, its net incomes were $ 12.7 billion which fell aggressively from 2008 s $ 27 billion figure ( Shell, 2010 ) . The paper will research how the external and internal environments of the company are impacting its scheme and operations and overall success. Outline1 Comprehensive PESTEL Analysis2 Political Forces3 Environmental Forces4 Social Forces5 Technological Forces6 Economic Forces7 Legal Forces8 Comprehensive Porter s 5 Forces Analysis9 Degree of Competition10 Menace of Substitutes11 Menace of New Entrants12 Dickering Power of Suppliers13 Dickering Power of Customers14 Detailed SWOT Analysis15 Strengths16 Failings17 Opportunities18 Menaces19 Value Chain Analysis20 Primary Value Chain Activities21 Inbound Logisticss22 Operationss23 Outbound Logisticss24 Selling and Gross saless25 Service26 Support Value Chain Activities27 Procurements28 Technology Development29 Human Resource Management30 Firm Infrastructure31 Decision Comprehensive PESTEL Analysis Political Forces We will write a custom essay on Strategic Analysis Of The Shell Company Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As declared by EU and UN, C emanations are to be charged with punishments and revenue enhancements, oil and gas companies have been forced to settle authorities force per unit areas through partnership understandings and confederations to back up their operations by offering an inducement to the authorities in the signifier of the improvement of the economic system. Oil has been found to estimate economic development of a state ( BBC, 2010 ) . Due to its intense demand, particularly in the U.S, authorities tends to come under the force per unit area of the prima giants and easiness stringency on them, though ; they still raise inquiries sing the environmental impacts but with the demand pressures from the clients, authoritiess allow Shell and companies likewise to happen new militias to run into the demands ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . However, these new agencies include bio-fuels which do non harm the environment. But Shell has strong trust on oil and gas militias and has no purpose t o venture into bio-fuels in future despite of all societal and political force per unit areas. Shell has been engaged with the Climate Action Partnership with the US, as an effort to estimate a positive image of the company in footings of a socially responsible concern, while it really uses extremely carbon intensive production methods ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) .The partnership is focused towards cut downing the sum of nursery gas emanations in the ambiance, but while the authorities is traveling in that way, Shell, utilizing its strategic confederations with the authorities has lessened the regulative control over its high C breathing fuel merchandises. Shell has been forced to take on such diplomatic steps to ease political and regulative force per unit areas onto the company, when it faces a diminution in the conventional natural oil militias and has to happen new alternate signifiers of oil militias to run into the demand, which are more carbon intensive but let it to remain profitable ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . In developing states such as Nigeria, which hungering for basic necessities, welcomes companies like Shell to convey in foreign direct investing and more occupation chances. Therefore, despite of societal force per unit areas to cut down development of work force and gas flairs that is destructing lives, the authorities gives easiness to the multinationals in order to back up the growing of the economic system ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . Free trade understandings among the European and Americas allow Shell to more profitability engage in exports of oil. Russia is a hub of oil militias and Shell took on the chance to work the militias in Russia to run into the challenge of its turning demand, and its increasing deficiency of conventional oil militias around the universe. Russian authorities, antecedently had a high export responsibility on oil imports, has late reduced it by 2.6 % , which is profiting Shell and other oil companies with their workss in Russia to export the oil merchandises to their place states and several states where they sell the fuels ( Shell, 2010 ) . Environmental Forces Conventional oil militias are fast worsening but Shell since 1995 has been engaged in happening new signifiers of oil militias as oil littorals in Canada to oil shale, but with the disbursal of environmental debasement ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . Research has shown that C emanations are much higher from the unconventional oil militias being used in the fabrication of fuel, and Shell holding invested a big sum of capital in undertakings to pull out oil from unconventional militias has become the universe s most carbon intensive company ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . Social Forces Oil and gas companies harm non merely the environment but to the work forces every bit good as there are assorted security and wellness issues to see. 20 people were reported to hold died due to terrible working conditions in 2009 ( Shell, 2010 ) . .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .postImageUrl , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:hover , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:visited , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:active { border:0!important; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:active , .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uca37da932df9514818cbeff8e049bf1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Installing A Hard Drive EssayIn Nigeria, Shell s operations have been doing gas flairs systematically which has caught societal attending but the company is loath to take action due to its cost decrease scheme ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . Globally, consumers are engaged in responsible ingestion and the companies have been obliged to promote responsible ingestion ( Dess, 2009 ) . Shell took on the enterprise in 2007 to publicize itself as a fabrication installation that does non harm the environment but uses its waste ( C dioxide ) to cultivate flower growing ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . This encouraged consumers to develop a positive image of Shell but subsequently on, intelligence studies on the affair suggested a different narrative. Merely one of the workss in Netherlands was engaged in the flower growing while the remainder were to a great extent involved in C emanations ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . This hampered Shell s image farther as non merely was its accused of destructing the environment but besides of misdirecting the consumers. Technological Forces The oil and gas industry has been benefited greatly owing to technological promotions in boring and extraction of oil and gas. Heavy capital investings are required to get the progress technological equipment to pull out oil and gas from unconventional militias. Shell s biggest strength is its investing in smart engineerings that allow it to do the most out of the oil and gas militias ( Shell, 2010 ) . Economic Forces Oil monetary values have increased the universe over, which has resulted from heavy revenue enhancements from the authorities due to which costs of production have risen ( Shell, 2010 ) . Using extended, dearly-won engineering which requires heavy investings, farther forces the companies to bear down high monetary values for fuels ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . There is a turning demand for energy, which is expected to lift up by 57 % in the following 20 old ages ( Shell, 2010 ) . This becomes a challenge when there are fewer natural militias of oil and gas left to run into this demand. Shell has used its scenario planning attempts to put in new undertakings to pull out oil and gas from unconventional militias to be able to run into the turning demand in future, but this besides translates to higher monetary values for clients ( Shell, 2010 ) . Legal Forces Environmental safety and C emanation ordinances have increased for all oil and gas companies, including Shell ( BBC, 2010 ) . With the turning concerns all over the universe over the drastic alterations happening in the environment due to planetary heating, the authorities raises strong inquiries against major companies responsible for planetary heating, the oil and gas companies. Shell and BP are rather on the chief screen when such allegations are put frontward. Oil and gas companies are enforced with rigorous employment safety and wellness ordinances as the fabrication workss are unsafe for human wellness. This has a heavy cost potency for companies ( Hill, 2009 ) . Comprehensive Porter s 5 Forces Analysis Degree of Competition There is a high degree of competition in the industry but among few participants. Shell s major rival is British Petroleum. British Petroleum s scheme has besides been focused on acquisitions, partnerships and confederations to construct up a larger model to run into turning demand. Currently BP has acquired contractual understanding with the authorities of Azerbaijan and Gulf of Mexico, while Shell gauged its success in 2009 in Iraq, Canada, and Australia and besides in the Gulf of Mexico ( BP, 2010 ) . The competition among these two companies is intense due to their similar scheme to obtain cost decrease, public presentation focal point and growing. While, BP has invested in solar energy, giving in to the political, societal and environmental force per unit areas, Shell is still glued to the oil and gas militias to remain in front in the game ( Oil and Gas, 2010 ) . While BP has lowered its bets by puting in solar energy, Shell is playing a much hazardous game by perusing new oil militias through heavy capital investings ( BP, 2010 ) . Menace of Substitutes With the coming of alternate energy beginnings, the menace of replacement merchandises has risen, such as from bio fuels. Many companies are now puting in bio fuel engineerings to react to societal, environmental and political force per unit areas ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . Menace of New Entrants Menace of new entrants is low, as it requires a heavy capital investing to put up workss and utilize progress engineering for extraction domestically and internationally to run into the demands. There are heavy fixed costs involved in the industry which can merely be curbed once economic systems of graduated table are received ( Oil and Gas, 2010 ) . Dickering Power of Suppliers Dickering power of providers is low. There are few providers in the industry. The industry is focused on low cost production and, therefore, alternate energy beginnings are searched and invested in to a great extent, the providers of which are low, but under the influence of the makers ( Oil and Gas, 2010 ) . Dickering Power of Customers Dickering power of clients is low as there are non many fuel companies available in the industry which offers conventional, alternate and bio mass fuels. Detailed SWOT Analysis Strengths Shell has obtained competitory border in footings of engineering. In 2009, it spent over $ 1.2 billion in research and development activities ( Shell, 2010 ) . Shell has obtained first mover advantages by utilizing unconventional oil militias which has given its cost benefits ( Shell, 2010 ) . The company has taken a much focused scheme for public presentation, which has allowed it to cut down costs by $ 1 billion by 2010 ( Shell, 2010 ) . Shell signed a joint venture with Cosan ( S.A ) Company to bring forth and sell ethyl alcohol and extract power from sugar cane in Brazil. The company sensed its cost benefits and its chance to heighten its presence in the ethyl alcohol market ( Shell, 2010 ) . .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .postImageUrl , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:hover , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:visited , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:active { border:0!important; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:active , .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2 .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue840d04d521ff5be38aecdd7f7b531c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tennesse Williams’ The Glass Managerie EssayShell has invested $ 1 billion in solar and weave energy which is portion of Shell Renewables SBU ( Shell, 2010 ) . Shell has 20 % trade name penchant which is the highest among its rivals ( Shell, 2010 ) . Failings Shell presently has a terrible deficiency of association with bio fuels, which are turning in demand There is besides deficiency of significant countering of the societal force per unit areas and the media exposures on portion of Shell ( Foe Europe, 2010 ) . Opportunities Bio-fuel and low-carbon emanation fuels sector is turning and is extremely encouraged by the authorities, society and is healthy for the environment ( The Guardian, 2010 ) . Promoting a better wellness and safe environment in the workss is a good chance for Shell utilizing commercials or public dealingss run. Menaces Government and involvement groups are taken strong actions against heavy C breathing fuel companies, like BP and Shell Heavy investings in unconventional gas militias are full of bets as these militias allow for a big sum of C emanation. This is potentially unsafe for the company s image and credence ( Oil and Gas, 2010 ) . Value Chain Analysis Primary Value Chain Activities Inbound Logisticss Shell is presently in contract with Cosan, a Brazilian company to provide ethyl alcohol. Azherbaijan and Russian providers are besides used to provide oil and gas militias ( Shell, 2010 ) . Operationss The public presentation scheme involved restructuring and reorganising the operations of the company to upstream and downstream where precedences were towards public presentation focal point, competitory growing and new undertaking investings. The overall operational public presentation has besides met with betterment as efficiency rates have rose. The reorganisation will let faster execution of future growing schemes as good ( Shell, 2010 ) . Outbound Logisticss Shell has an extended planetary outbound logistics web which allows it to administer the refined oil in the most cost efficient mode. It uses light transit ( Shell, 2010 ) . Selling and Gross saless Shell markets itself as the largest fuel supplier, where its service centres are located in 90 states worldwide. It adds the image of an invention and quality-focused company which does non compromise on public presentation. Although, Shell has antecedently received an first-class sum of gross revenues gross, late, there has been a diminution, due to lift in oil monetary values, lifting societal exposure of the work force development and environmental debasement by the company ( Shell, 2010 ) . Service Shell uses its helpline service to turn to client ailments and questions. Other than that, there is no extended or particular signifier of service that Shell offers to clients with respect to ailments and questions. Shell service Stationss have the direct interaction with the clients and the company makes certain that the employees address to clients suitably and offer services in the standard manner ( Shell, 2010 ) . Support Value Chain Activities Procurements Shell is now engaged in e-procurement, utilizing the aid of SAP s support systems to heighten its supply concatenation activities. SAP s support offers an ERP system that allows procurance to be done online ( SAP, 2010 ) . Technology Development Over $ 1.2 billion have late been spent by Shell in research and development of new engineerings to estimate the most benefit out of the militias of oil and gas and happen new chances for investings ( Shell, 2010 ) . Technological invention development in pull outing energy is a cardinal strength of the company and it is continually engaged in puting in new engineerings that would give it an border over its rivals. Human Resource Management Human resource activities are the most ambitious for Shell as it has to confront several employment issues get downing from wellness, and work environment to safety issues. These are true for mill workers who work in high danger zones ( Shell, 2010 ) . In Nigeria, a high rate of people deceasing in the mill has become common. As shell is a planetary competitory company, it seeks extremely talented and experient people who seek invention and growing for the company for its direction. Shell offers larning and development chances for its diverse work force. It offers pecuniary and non-monetary signifiers of inducements to employees ( Shell, 2010 ) . The human resource direction uses on-line application system for interested campaigners and uses simulation based testing tools for engaging appropriate employees for in-between direction and senior direction stations. Firm Infrastructure Shell s substructure is to a great extent reliant on technological support, by agencies of ERP, information direction, research and development, selling, procurance, human resource direction, extraction and production operations ( SAP, 2010 ) . This allows a strong web of coordination and communicating to be maintained globally. Decision Shell Group with industry leading in footings of cost, quality and engineering, is faced with huge societal, political, economic and legal challenges. Its scheme to concentrate on public presentation, new ventures to work unconventional oil and gas militias and accomplish profitable growing in return has met success, but the gait has slowed due to economic influences. for large oil giant like Shell, maintaining diplomatic confederation with the authoritiess of many states has become common but this non something to trust on and to set heavy capital investings at interest like Shell is making right now, by continuously puting in new workss for oil and gas extraction from unconventional militias such oil littorals and oil shale. Such efforts are progressively doing environmental debasement and the authorities may travel purely against them in future one time more drastic environmental alterations become dominant. Clever scheme is to go on ethyl alcohol and solar and weave energy produc tion and put in more bio fuel energies to tap new chances.

Essay on Policy Process Theories

Essay on Policy Process Theories Essay on Policy Process Theories Essay on Policy Process TheoriesThe Stages-Heuristic theory is one of the highly influential frameworks for the study of the policy process, which was developed in the 1970s-1980s (Dudley, Parsons, Radaelli Sabatier, 2000). According to this theory, the policy making process is divided into several stages. The stages of policy development include agenda-setting, policy formation, policy legitimation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. One stage moves to the next stage. For example, agenda-setting stage involves the list of issues that require special attention of officials. Then, agenda-setting stage requires narrowing the list of issues or subjects in order to move to the next stage, from government agenda to the decision making agenda. This framework played an important role in transforming political theory research and provided an opportunity to analyze each stage of policy making process. Different factors can influence the policy making process within each stage. How ever, the Stages-Heuristic theory has been criticized severely because this theory does not provide causal drivers that â€Å"govern the process within each stage† (Gornitzka, Kogan Amaral, 2006, p.18). This theory can be compared to the other dominant theoretical frameworks, such as Institutional Rational Choice model developed by Kiser and Ostrom in 1982. The strengths of this framework as compared to the Stages-Heuristic framework include the focus on institutional rules, which may change the behavior of individuals and the close relationships between institutions. Institutional Rational Choice model has become rational choice theory, which makes the policy process the so-called ‘bargaining game’ between individuals or parties. This framework assesses public policy as a set of the proper institutional arrangements, which consist of certain rules and norms that shape the interactions and strategies of actors. The weakness of this framework is that it can be ap plied to some specific context, providing the effects of various beliefs systems on institutions and policy process.

The Distance Between Two Leagues

The Distance Between Two Leagues The Distance Between Two Leagues The Distance Between Two Leagues By Mark Nichol What does league, meaning â€Å"alliance,† have to do with league, meaning â€Å"a few miles†? An attempt to find kinship between these words by positing the notion of linking several similar entities or units is futile: The identical formation of the words is coincidental. The first sense of league stems from the Latin verb ligare, meaning â€Å"bind† and the basis of ligament, meaning â€Å"band† or â€Å"bond,† and ligature, which means, among other things, â€Å"something that binds or connects.† League originally referred to a confederacy of geopolitical units (such as the Achaean League of classical Greece and the Hanseatic League, an economic alliance established in the early Middle Ages, as well as the League of Nations of the early twentieth century) but later came to apply as well to political associations and athletic organizations. People or organizations that conspire are said to be in league with each other, and when someone outclasses someone else in terms of some characteristic, the first person is said to be out of the other person’s league, while â€Å"in a league of (one’s) own† means â€Å"superior skill or status.† By contrast, â€Å"in the same league† means â€Å"of comparative skill or status.† On a related note, the expression â€Å"Ivy League,† from the name of the collegiate athletic league populated by eight of the nation’s most prestigious universities, by extension denotes the schools themselves as well as high social and cultural status and elitism. (The reference to ivy pertains to the walls of venerable school buildings being covered in ivy over the years.) League is also a verb meaning â€Å"unite,† but the verb beleaguer, meaning â€Å"besiege,† is unrelated. Idioms pertaining to the â€Å"confederation† sense of league include â€Å"major league,† originating in the term for the highest level of professional baseball but by extension alluding to significant actors or entities in a realm of human endeavor (â€Å"in the big leagues† has the same sense); â€Å"minor league,† denoting something of inferior status (from the lower caliber of play in baseball’s minor leagues); and â€Å"bush league,† which, based on the slang term for semiprofessional baseball (from the expression â€Å"the bush,† referring to a rural area) suggests petty, unprofessional behavior. (The last term was not always pejorative, however.) The sense of league of a measure of distance derives from the Latin noun leuga and is primarily understood to refer to a distance of three miles, though it has applied to measures ranging from about two and a half to approximately four and a half miles. (It can also apply to a square measuring about three miles on a side.) A league, thought to originate as the distance traveled on foot in one hour, it is no longer an official distance. The French term banlieue, meaning â€Å"suburb† but increasingly connoting low-income housing projects (though banlieues diverge widely in economic status), is a geopolitical term, but it is distantly related to the latter sense of league: It is a compound ultimately derived from the Germanic terms ban, meaning â€Å"proclamation,† and leuca, meaning â€Å"league,† with the connotation of â€Å"area outside the city but within its legal jurisdiction.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†What to Do When Words Appear Twice in a Row50 Synonyms for "Song"

International human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International human rights - Essay Example Consultation with employees is with their representatives and not individual employees. The definition and role of the representative body will depend on national legislation and workplace practices1. Collective bargaining is to be employed at the workplace, in order to resolve disputes between employers and employees. Various policies relating to workplace have been implemented by the statute, and the employer can include certain policies at his discretion. This directive was implemented by the Information and Consultation Regulations, whose precedent was the European Works Council Directive of 19942. The new directive will require the UK to provide a universal right to its employees in various establishments and undertakings. Integration of the new directive into the national legislation of the UK will require the government to enact a universal statutory framework for employees. â€Å"Transposition of the EU information and consultation Directive means that the UK now has, for the first time, a general statutory framework giving employees the right to insist on being informed and consulted by their employers on a range of key business, employment and restructuring issues3.†The existing legislative strategy of the government is providing greater flexibility to employers while responding to the EU Regulations. Employers can initiate negotiations on agreements that are specifically designed for organizations4. â€Å"Since the mid 1970’s – employers in the UK have faced legal obligations, emanating mainly from EU Directives, to inform and consult with employees on specific issues, such as redundancies and business transfers5.† They are under a legal duty to inform and consult with their employees, in respect of certain policy matters, such as redundancies and business transfers. In the year 1994, the ECJ ruled that employers were under an obligation to consult and

Expropiation of Assets in Venezuela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Expropiation of Assets in Venezuela - Essay Example The legal definition of expropriation is the taking away of private property in favor of the government for public use in the greater interest of the public. Any vital industry could be subject to expropriation whenever the government sees it fit to do so but this move is also very highly controversial since it runs against the sanctity and protection of private property. It runs counter to an economic principle that business enterprises is better left to investors and that government's business is to support and stay out of the way of business enterprises. It is always a subject of contention because of another issue, which is just compensation. Private property could be taken away by force of government edict, without or very little form of just compensation to the previous owners. The question of proper and correct valuation is also a very serious issue during expropriation as the investors need to get their money back. The compulsory seizure of private property could be applied to any property or to an industry considered as vital to the national interests. The state has always exercised three very important powers for it to govern effectively: police power, the power to impose taxes and the power of imminent domain. The last pertains to the right of the government to take away any property in the greater interest of public benefit, such as taking away privately-owned land to expand a road network, for example, or force people to move to a different location because of plans to create a dam and the place would soon be underwater. It is done all in the name of economic progress or for public safety. However, in the case of expropriation, it is an entirely different matter altogether. This paper argues that expropriation is clearly a wrong step. Discussion There are instances when expropriation is justified, such as during wartime condition in which the government needs to act quickly in the exigency of the situation. In this case, it is clearly justifiable to do so because the national interest is at stake. Failure to act would be the equivalent of gross negligence or the abdication to perform a public and civic duty. History is also replete with instances in which expropriation took place with most of them falling under this justifiable classification of protecting the national interest for the greater public good. An industry considered as vital to the national interests' such as the transport industry, the mining industry, the communications industry or the health industry could be expropriated but a move to do so must be justified to the public and to the investing community. Any expropriation will surely send shivers to investors who now would think twice about committing their money. The difference between the power of imminent domain and expropriation, when it is exercised by the government, is that the former is seen as lawful while the latter is unlawful. The first in stance involves a certain process to be followed, such as proper notification of the party involved and providing for just compensation. The second instance is often very abrupt and does not require the government to justify its actions of expropriating private properties. In other words, it is simply just an act of confiscation and seizure by the government. When people started living in organized society, there is an implicit agreement in the people giving up certain rights in favor of the State for the right of being government by that State for their benefit. This is necessary because without this social contract, societies would be chaotic as no one will be able to enforce laws designed for an orderly existence. However, there are also limits imposed on the State and one of the most sacred principles in the modern society is the right to own private property. It is always protected by the laws of any nation. Expropriation is controversial in the sense

The Corporate Rationale Of The Virgin Group Marketing Essay

The Corporate Rationale Of The Virgin Group Marketing Essay Richard Branson,founder of Virgin and is considered to be the single most important ingredient to all the successes that has been reaped.This case study examines the Virgin Group corporate strategy and it identities the relationships within the Virgin Group.Virgines value adding activities and qualities are discussed.The Virgin Group is comprised of many different assorted mixes of businesses. The Virgin Group is diversified into 200 businesses and it has a finger in every pie. Looking at the case the overall corporate rationale is simply a projection of Richards own philosophy and his personal persona that is revered and became respected by the public.Richards high profile allowed the Virgin brand name to be the far most important asset to the company. All the businesses in the Virgin Group are strategically targeted towards a five pillar empire that Richard created. These pillars are travel, leisure, moblie phones, entertainment, retailing and personal finance. All the businesss within the empire all the managers to have freedom to make decisions independently for growth and allows them to feel the same degree of ownership and values. Richard Branson, founder of Virgin in 1970 is in the authors opinion the single most important reason to all the success that has been reaped up-to-date. The corporate rationale is simply a projection of Richard Brandons own personal philosophy, which he has introduced into the structure of corporate rational. The Virgin Group is comprised with many assorted mix of businesses.(Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) Corporate rationale is the way in which a corporate parent envisages the way that it can add value to its strategic business units. The Virgin Groups rationale is to diversity into as many markets feasible, and extend the Virgin brand name further at a low cost; where stature could be relied upon to reduce barriers to entry into static markets. The following will be discussed below. The Virgin Groups rationale is to diversify into as many markets that are feasible. They want to extend the Virgin brand name further at a low cost where stature could be relied upon to help reduce the barriers for entry into a static market. The Virgin Group looks for a challenge in every venture and aims to providing better quality products than the competitors do. The Virgin Group aims at entering a market that is still in the growth phase. (Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) The Virgin Group sees itself as a restructurer, this means that it has low central costs due to relatively small corporate centre, with fairly minimal involvement at business level. However they vary from the portfolio managers because they also set about trying to identify restructuring opportunities within their businesses and have the skills and expertise in order to intervene and introduce these changes where necessary. ( Jenn,2008) The Virgin Group has a wide range of strategic business units about two hundred ranging from airways to drinks, and makeup to publishing. Virgins corporate rationale is that they try to enter static market, in which there are few competitors and where consumers do not get value for money.The Virgin Group enters these markets that are still in the growth stage and to try and shake them up, for example they did this with Virgin Airways and Virgin Cola. By entering the market that is still in its growth stage and has few competitors Virgin managed to produce the product or service for a slightly lower price than all other competitors within the market then they should , along with their strong Virgin brand name. Virgin Group gained a big market share fairly quickly because they had lower prices than everyone else. This is a good way in which to enter a market because it surprises the other competitors who may have become too comfortable in this monopolistic market, and has a potentially huge initial gain. Using the surprise tactic ensures that the other market leaders will not expected your move and result in a slow response , for example when Virgin entered the airways market, the British Airways had not anticipated them as competition and so were not prepared to be able to cut costs and compete. So Virgin Airways gained a big share of the market very quickly. Excellent management practices has also been refer to as a major strength of this group, and is there for one of the most significant components of its corporate rationale. The Virgin Group corporate rationale was also diversify into as many markets that were feasible and extend the Virgin brand name at a low cost. The Virgin Group looked for a challenge in every venture and aimed at providing better quality products to their customers and better than their competitors. The Virgin Group corporate rationale was to sacrifice their short-term profits in order to gain a longer-term growth and therefore they used an independent business level decision making method. This corporate rationale allows the managers to make decisions independently for growth and feel the same degree ownership and values that any other manager would feel in the Virgin Group. (Rob Abdul,30/01/02) Virgins rationale for expansion was based on fierce external diversification strategy and Richards constant need to be creative in his approaches to new challenges. For Richard the brand is very important and is an asset. The ultimate objective is to have an established global name and therefore the Virgin Group needs to have a number of core businesses with global potential, with expansion this can be achieved. . Are there any relationships of a strategic nature between the businesses within the Virgin Group? The Virgin Group is formed by various strategic business units (SBU). A strategic business unit is a part of an organization for which there is a distinct external market for goods or services that is different from another SBU. (Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) Basically, there are 56 strategic business units in the Virgin Group. For example, there are Virgin Travel and Virgin Trading in the Virgin Group. As previously mentioned all the businesses in the Virgin Group are strategically targeted towards a five pillar empire system that Richard created. At the heart of Virgins core strategy is to develop the five pillars of the business empire which includes travel, leisure, mobile phones, and entertainment, retailing and personal finances. Looking at the diagram below it shows that all the ventures have the same brand name. The Virgin Group Figure 1, The Virgin Group As this diagram shows that the brand name is the main strategic relationship and this creates a strong acknowledgement from customers. Giving a venture the name Virgin sends out a message to the customers. The brand is associated with the words fun, innovative and daring. This can result in transfers of all marketing and promotional activities up to the present for the specific venture respectively. (Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) The Virgin Travel consists of Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Holidays, Virgin Aviation and Virgin Balloon. The Virgin Trading consists of Virgin Megastores, Virgin Enterprises, Virgin Clubs and Virgin Cosmetics. Several strategic relationships exist within the Virgin Group. One of the most recent of these strategic relationships involves it offer to customers of digital and mobile phone services as well as broadband internet service. Virgin Digital UK offers digital music to a wide variety of customers in mediums that are compatible with a wide range of software and digital hardware. The company boasts a high preparation for this market as it has deep roots in the music industry, beginning with its record company Virgin Records, because of Virgins Records previous ownership and rights to many music tracks the company has benefited by it having already at its disposal thousands of tracks to make available to the public (Baker Capital, 2005) This is the partnership involved with the mobile phone service company under the Virgin Label. Downloading music to mobile phones is an advantage that can be offered to Virgin mobile customers as an incentive to subscribe or switch to Virgin mobile service providers. This is also an advantage for the Virgin broadband provider, as it allows the Group to further integrate its digital services to include internet service and offer such packages and exclusive deals that have the potential to draw even more customers. (Marivic Butod, 2007) Another strategic relationship exists among the Virgin transportation companies. The Group of airlines (Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Galactic) have the distinction of offering the lowest fares for packages in the Atlantic and other parts of the world. The ability to offer flights to and from more unknown and less-travelled destinations is granted to Virgin because of partnership between and among the virgin airline companies of the different regions. Furthermore, the benefit is extended by the existence of a partnership with Virgin Rail that offers extended service via railway farther into more unreachable regions of the European continent. The Virgin Group tries to create and grow relationships with directors, managers and pilots within Virgin Galactic and all the business in the Virgin Group strategically targeted towards travel, leisure, mobile phones, entertainment retailing and personal finance. All the businesses within the Virgin Empire allow the managers to make decisions independently and this allows them to feel the same degree of ownership and values that any other manager. Businesses were ring-fenced in order for the assets not to be switched between companies in the Virgin Group and if any company became too large another company would be put in its place. The name Virgin became synonymous with Richard Bransons name and this key psychological strategy helps with marketing and promotions because this at the end of the day helps them expand and get well known. Therefore many businesses outside the Virgin Group have shown their interest though joint ventures as the Virgin brand name is becoming well known. Does the Virgin Group, as a corporate parent, add value to its businesses? If so how? Corporate parenting places collective responsibility on local authorities to achieve good parenting for all children in their care. It requires ownership and leadership at a senior level, this includes all elected members. They make sure all councillors in your council understand their corporate parenting responsibilities and are committed to fulfilling them. (Marivic Butod, 2007) The Virgin Group as a corporate parent values all its businesses. The Virgin Group achieves value by understanding the institutionalised markets. The Virgins management team has done a good job in identifying satisfaction in the market. The management team expertise and experience matched with the strategy allows the company to offer more for less. The Virgin group also added value to its businesses with the brand name and used the brand name to help overcome barriers to entry. The Virgin brand name is a consumers supporter and as mention before the brand is much respected with the British public. The Virgin Group at a corporate parent also helps with limiting the risks for the other businesses joining in the joint venture. Any company, corporation or organisation that is in a joint venture with the Virgin Group had the benefits of limiting the risks associated in the market place. The other value that the Virgin Group contributes as a corporate parent is that they do not restrict the management teams. The Virgin Group has a flat management structure which helps encourage innovation, flexibility and it can help promote the values of shared ownership and responsibilities. (Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) The Virgin Group ensures that innovation is amongst the staff members and helps ensure that the individuals are successful in their careers. The Virgin Group acquires partners that have the same mind set for the venture and they ensure that they match their ability to be innovative and create differentiation for their particular company. These innovative thoughts and ideas are then applied directly into the business and therefore helping it to be successful. Virgin Mobile is an example of this innovation as it formulated a partnership with the existing telecommunications operators to retail in mobile services. The virgin Group and their management team were successful at identifying that the agreement was in the handling of the network management. Due to their innovation of their joint ventures and networking it promoted a unique service to the market. Virgin as a corporate parent added workable value as well to its businesses by investing and developing the employees and real expertise. With all the joint ventures that the Virgin Group have made they did indeed limit some risks but they also contradicted some signals to the customers by having so many businesses and if the one performed badly the other separate businesses with the brand name stand a chance on been labelled as the same. (Rob Abdul, 30/01/02) In a sense the Virgin Group is a community, every Small Business Unit in it share ideas, values, interests, goals, and the most important, they share the same brand. Therefore the Virgin Group as a corporate parent have set standards and helped the businesses know exactly how to create value to the customers and how to ensure that the brand name is upheld. The Virgin Group as a corporate parent does value to its businesses and has achieved it though understanding the institutionalised markets, using the Virgin band name to overcome barriers to entry, it limited risks by going into joint ventures with different companies, it does not restrict the management team and the Virgin Group shows innovation. Virgins management team have been doing very well when it comes to identifying a market that is still in its growth stage and markets with very little competitors. It is this expertise and experience that is coupled with the strategy to offer more to the customers for less and it has helped the Virgin Group plough though complacent business industries. As a corporate parent virgins brand name has helped to overcome barriers to entry. The fact the brand name is well established and accepted by the public it has helped with getting into certain markets and to expand into areas where the Virgin Group believes it can make a difference and offering something different to the consumers and a good price. Virgin has limited the risks by going into joint ventures and any company that goes into a joint venture with Virgin also benefits the limitations of risks in the market place. As a corporate parent it helps the new venture as one have limited risks as it is under a well known brand of standards and low cost. It also encourages the management teams to be independent and make choices that will better the growth of the company. Virgins corporate rationale to innovation allows the staff members to be successful in their careers. The Groups acquires partners that think alike and that match their abilities to innovation and differentiation. This should then be applied to the whole business. For example Virgin Mobile formulated a partnership with existing telecommunications operators to retail in the mobile services. This innovation leads them to promote unique services and better offers to the customers. What are the main issues facing the Virgin Group and how should they be tackled? The Virgin group of companies was faced with two main issues. In the short term was the groups financial situation. A number of Virgins businesses were experiencing substantial negative cash flows. Despite plans to generate funds this still left poorly performing companies such as Virgin Express, Virgin Megastores, and Virgin Money, where offloading Bransons equity stakes would prove more difficult. Looking at virgin Atlantic which is an airline industry it indicates that the Virgin Group relied on this airline to make the profits and when deregulation increased the competition within the market place caused Virgin Atlantic to make some Losses. According to the Virgin Rail the biggest problem that they face is that the uses of this form of transport is voted as the unpopular rail operator and the fact that Virgins rail statistics were ranked low. Virgin Groups brand name was slowly chipped away by the press due to their reputation of the rail transport. The Virgin Group, been a larger empire, faces publicity blindly due to the fact if things were going right all is good, but then all it takes is a handful of businesses in the empire to either experience unavoidable consequences. Virgin Atlantic is an example of this as when there was bad services provided and with the bad publicity of the Virgin Rail it caused a disastrous effect opn the other areas within the empire. (Marivic Butod, 2007) Virgin name became diluted and doing analysis of the environment must be learned and that is what they did after these events occurred. The public is sensitive and as a corporate parent Virgin can add value to its businesses by investing and developing real expertise. Therefore Virgin should change its policy to accommodate both independent and joint ventures to rely on short term profits. The main issues facing the Virgin Group is Virgin Atlantic and virgin Rail. Virgin Atlantic is the airline industry and like any other industry it id cyclic. This proved to be dangerous in 2001 because the Virgin Group seemed to rely entirely on the profits of Virgin Atlantic. To make matters worse deregulations increased the competition in the market place and this caused all most competitors were experiencing losses. The biggest problem faced by the Virgin Group though was the strategic Rail Authority review in 2000 because it was the most public. Virgin Rail was voted as the unpopular rail operator and it was ranked 23rd and 24th out of 25 operators. This was a major issue as it damaged a part of the Virgin reputation. That was not bad until the press slowly chipped at the company. (Marivic Butod, 2007) CONCLUSION: The key emphasis on this case was innovation and differentiation. The aim was to offer more for less and that each company was truly a Virgin in its own field. Although to some this notion may seem a bit too good to be true, yet no one can deny that the virgin group is one of the UKs largest private companies. Success was the result of Richard Bransons philosophy and approach in his company. By using effective leadership, giving motivation, employing effective communication, interaction, job redesign, building trust and respect, it is very clear that the company has been performing well in various industries that it manages. The main aspirations of the Virgin Group of the companys key stakeholders is to continue expanding operations and various international business locations, new kind of business ventures and to enhance the reputation of the brand. Virgins marketing is customer focused and is apparent that every major and minor decisions and plans created are based on the result of researches conducted and founded on the customers. Furthermore the services and products are something better and more valuable. Virgin bases its pricing strategy on several key trends that shape the global marketplace.